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<meta name="description" content="The rebirth of the Italian cities attracted visitors from all over Western Europe. Merchants and bankers hoped to make their fortunes in the Italian city-states. Artists and students sought knowledge and fame. When these travelers returned home, they brought Renaissance ideas with them. In time, the ideas of the Renaissance influenced people far from the"/>
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<meta property="og:description" content="The rebirth of the Italian cities attracted visitors from all over Western Europe. Merchants and bankers hoped to make their fortunes in the Italian city-states. Artists and students sought knowledge and fame. When these travelers returned home, they brought Renaissance ideas with them. In time, the ideas of the Renaissance influenced people far from the"/>
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<span class="entry-title" style="display: none;">The Renaissance Spreads</span>
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<div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:25px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;" ><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap" style="max-width:1497.6px;margin-left: calc(-4% / 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% / 2 );"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column post-left-column" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-3"><p>The rebirth of the Italian cities attracted visitors from all over Western Europe. Merchants and bankers hoped to make their fortunes in the Italian city-states. Artists and students sought knowledge and fame. When these travelers returned home, they brought Renaissance ideas with them. In time, the ideas of the Renaissance influenced people far from the Italian peninsula.</p>
<p>Italian Renaissance painters often focused on religious subjects, but the art of the low countries of northwest Europe was more concerned with portraits, landscapes, and scenes of everyday life. This was partly because most people of the low countries were Calvinists—a branch of Christianity that believes in building simple churches without ornamentation.</p>
<p>Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525 –1569) was from Flanders. Flanders is a Dutch-speaking land that is now part of Belgium. Bruegel studied Italian art, but he developed a different style. He wanted to show people as they actually lived. Many of his paintings show peasants working, dancing, and eating.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column post-right-column-style1" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column"><div class="fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-3" style="text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);"><span class=" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none"><img decoding="async" width="300" height="485" alt="Pieter Bruegel the Elder" title="Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder" src="https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/704Bruegel.jpg" class="img-responsive wp-image-1464" srcset="https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/704Bruegel-186x300.jpg 186w, https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/704Bruegel.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></span><div class="awb-imageframe-caption-container"><div class="awb-imageframe-caption"><h2 class="awb-imageframe-caption-title">Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder</h2><p class="awb-imageframe-caption-text">This is believed to be a self-poirtrait of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, a Flemish Renaissance painter known for his landscapes and peasant scenes.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:25px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;" ><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap" style="max-width:1497.6px;margin-left: calc(-4% / 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% / 2 );"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column post-left-column" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-4"><div id="attachment_7089" style="width: 460px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7089" class="size-full wp-image-7089" src="https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/globe-theater.jpg" alt="Shakespeare's Globe" width="450" height="300" srcset="https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/globe-theater-200x133.jpg 200w, https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/globe-theater-300x200.jpg 300w, https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/globe-theater-400x267.jpg 400w, https://mrdowling.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/globe-theater.jpg 450w" sizes="(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px" /><p id="caption-attachment-7089" class="wp-caption-text">The Globe Theater in London is a modern reproduction of the playhouse where William Shakespeare’s plays were initially performed. Of course, the original Globe Theater did not have lighting.</p></div>
<p>England’s William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) is the best-known writer of the Renaissance. His plays mixed humor with drama and showed the strengths and weaknesses of people. Audiences flocked to see his presentations of Roman emperors, British kings and queens, and Italian teenagers.</p>
<h2>Resources</h2>
<p>Download this lesson as <a href="https://mrdowling.com/documents/704-europe.doc">Microsoft Word file</a> or as an <a href="https://mrdowling.com/documents/704-europe.pdf">Adobe Acrobat file</a>.</p>
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<div class="fusion-meta-info"><div class="fusion-meta-info-wrapper"><span class="updated rich-snippet-hidden">2023-07-13T02:15:37+00:00</span>By <span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/author/admin" title="Posts by Mike Dowling" rel="author">Mike Dowling</a></span></span><span class="fusion-inline-sep">|</span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/category/renaissance" rel="category tag">Renaissance</a><span class="fusion-inline-sep">|</span></div></div> <div class="fusion-sharing-box fusion-theme-sharing-box fusion-single-sharing-box">
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<li id="menu-item-5905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5905"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-phoenicians-and-carthage">The Phoenicians and Carthage</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5906"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/trade-in-ancient-west-africa-trading-gold-for-salt">Trade in Ancient West Africa</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5907"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ghana-wagadu">Ancient Ghana</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5908"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/sundiata-oral-legend-of-the-first-mansa-of-mali">Sundiata</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5909"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/mansa-musa-the-wealthy-king-of-mali">Mansa Musa</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5910"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/timbuktu-ancient-africas-greatest-trading-city">Timbuktu</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5911"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/aksum-ancient-east-africas-greatest-trading-city">Aksum</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-5913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5913"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/prince-henry-the-navigator-the-exploration-of-africa">Prince Henry the Navigator</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5914"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/maafa-african-colonialism-and-imperialism">Maafa, Colonialism and Imperialism</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5915"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-african-missionaries-david-livingstone">The African Missionaries</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5916"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/liberia-freed-american-slaves-years-of-violence">Liberia</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5917"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-boers-in-south-africa-the-boer-wars">The Boers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5918" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5918"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/apartheid-south-africas-policy-of-racial-segregation">Apartheid</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5919" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5919"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/nelson-mandela-the-end-of-apartheid-in-south-africa">Nelson Mandela</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5920"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ancient-africa-teaching-resources">Ancient Africa Teaching Resources</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-4387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4387"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/609quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on African History</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-5929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5929"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/harappa-and-mohenjo-daro-indus-river-civilization">Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5930"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-aryans-and-the-vedic-age-of-india">The Aryans and the Vedic Age</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5931"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-caste-system-of-ancient-india">The Caste System</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5927"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/hinduism-brahman-dharma-karma-and-reincarnation">Hinduism</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5926" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5926"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/buddhism-and-the-search-for-enlightenment">Buddhism</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5925"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/indias-mauryan-empire-chandragupta-and-ashoka">Ashoka and the Mauryan Empire</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5924"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/muslims-in-india-the-mughals-babur-and-akbar">Muslims in India</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5923"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-europeans-in-india-colonialism">The Europeans in India</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5932"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/mohandas-gandhi-the-mahatma-indias-great-soul">Gandhi</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5933"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/india-since-independence-worlds-largest-democracy">The Subcontinent Since Independence</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5922"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/india-and-the-himalayas-teaching-resources">India and the Himalayas – FREE Materials for Teachers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-4389" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4389"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/612quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on India and the Himalayas</a></li>
</ul></div></section><section id="nav_menu-10" class="widget widget_nav_menu" style="border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;"><div class="heading"><h4 class="widget-title">Discover more about Chinese History at mrdowling.com</h4></div><div class="menu-07-chinese-history-container"><ul id="menu-07-chinese-history" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-5934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5934"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/chinese-history">Dynasty</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5935"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/confucius-chinas-greatest-philosopher">Confucius</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5937"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-legalists-of-ancient-china-the-burning-of-the-books">The Legalists</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5936"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/taoism-the-way-chinese-philosophy">Taoism</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5938"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-great-wall-of-china">The Great Wall of China</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5939"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/genghis-khan-and-kublai-khan-mongols-invade-china">Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5940"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-silk-road-ancient-trade-routes">The Silk Road</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5942" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5942"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-travels-of-marco-polo">Marco Polo</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5941" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5941"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/chinese-history-teaching-resources">Chinese History Teaching Resources</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-4394" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4394"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/613quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on Chinese History</a></li>
</ul></div></section><section id="nav_menu-11" class="widget widget_nav_menu" style="border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;"><div class="heading"><h4 class="widget-title">Discover more about America Before Columbus at mrdowling.com</h4></div><div class="menu-08-america-before-columbus-container"><ul id="menu-08-america-before-columbus" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-5943" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5943"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-first-americans-the-land-bridge-of-beringia">The First Americans</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5944" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5944"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-new-world-america-before-the-european-invasion">The New World</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-5946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5946"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/teotihuacan-the-city-of-the-gods">Teotihuacan</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5948"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-maya-their-rise-and-fall-and-rise-and-fall">The Maya</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5947"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/rediscovering-the-maya-their-mysterious-writing">Rediscovering the Maya</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5949"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-aztecs-from-peasants-to-princes">The Aztecs</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5951"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-inca-tawantinsuyu-empire-of-the-four-regions">The Inca</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-4395" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4395"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/711quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on America Before Columbus</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-5960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5960"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-iliad-and-the-odyssey-homers-epic-poems">The Iliad and the Odyssey</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5963"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/persia-and-the-battle-of-marathon">The Greco-Persian Wars</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5964"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ancient-sparta-always-ready-for-war">Sparta</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5965"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/athens-direct-democracy-in-ancient-greece">Athenian Democracy</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-5957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5957"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/socrates-an-introduction-to-greek-philosophy">Socrates and Greek Philosophy</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-4397" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4397"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/701quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on Ancient Greece</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-5980" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5980"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-birth-of-christianity">The Birth of Christianity</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5977"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ancient-rome-teaching-resources">Free Teacher Resources for Ancient Rome</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-4398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4398"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/702quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on Ancient Rome</a></li>
</ul></div></section><section id="nav_menu-14" class="widget widget_nav_menu" style="border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;"><div class="heading"><h4 class="widget-title">Discover more about the Middle Ages at mrdowling.com</h4></div><div class="menu-11-middle-ages-container"><ul id="menu-11-middle-ages" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-5981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5981"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-middle-ages-between-ancient-and-modern">The Middle Ages: Between Ancient and Modern</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5982"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/christendom-the-church-in-the-middle-ages">Christendom</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-5983" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5983"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/atilla-and-the-huns-the-scourge-of-god">The Huns</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-6002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6002"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/niccolo-machiavelli-the-prince">Niccolo Machiavelli</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-6006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6006"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/a-powder-keg-in-europe-europe-in-1914">A Powder Keg in Europe</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6007" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6007"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/alliances-lead-to-a-great-war-causes-of-world-war-i">Alliances Lead to World War I</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6008"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-ottoman-empire-joins-the-great-war">The Conflict Widens in World War I</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6009"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/world-war-i-the-terrible-story-of-the-great-war">The Great War</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6010" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6010"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/russia-leaves-world-war-i-treaty-of-brest-litovsk">A Separate Peace</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6011" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6011"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/new-opportunities-for-african-americans-in-world-war-i">New Opportunities for African Americans</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-6013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6013"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-doughboys-america-in-world-war-i">The Doughboys</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6014"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/allied-victory-in-world-war-i-the-end-of-the-great-war">Allied Victory in World War I</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6015" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6015"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/social-darwinism-the-eugenics-movement">Social Darwinism</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6016"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-rise-of-hitler-the-roots-of-nazi-germany">The Rise of Hitler</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6017" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6017"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-holocaust-crimes-against-humanity">The Holocaust</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6018" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6018"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/germany-attempts-to-dominate-europe">Germany Attempts to Dominate Europe</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6019"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-empire-of-the-rising-sun-japan-in-world-war-ii">The Empire of the Rising Sun</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6020" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6020"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/america-responds-the-united-states-in-world-war-ii">America Responds</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6021" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6021"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-manhattan-project-robert-oppenheimer">The Manhattan Project</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-6022" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6022"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/hiroshima-and-nagasaki-the-atomic-bomb-ends-wwii">Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-4409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4409"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/706quiz.html">Interactive Quiz on the World Wars</a></li>
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<li id="menu-item-6032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6032"><a href="https://mrdowling.com/petroleum-oil-worlds-most-important-energy-resource">Oil</a></li>
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title-heading-left" style="margin:0;">LESSONS</h5></div><nav class="awb-menu awb-menu_column awb-menu_em-hover mobile-mode-collapse-to-button awb-menu_icons-left awb-menu_dc-yes mobile-trigger-fullwidth-off awb-menu_mobile-toggle awb-menu_indent-left mobile-size-full-absolute loading mega-menu-loading awb-menu_desktop awb-menu_arrows-main awb-menu_dropdown awb-menu_expand-right awb-menu_transition-fade" style="--awb-font-size:18px;--awb-text-transform:none;--awb-gap:12px;--awb-color:#333333;--awb-active-color:#00acd4;--awb-active-border-color:#00acd4;--awb-submenu-text-transform:none;--awb-icons-color:#023a51;--awb-icons-hover-color:#00acd4;--awb-arrows-size-height:10px;--awb-arrows-size-width:10px;--awb-main-justify-content:flex-start;--awb-mobile-justify:flex-start;--awb-mobile-caret-left:auto;--awb-mobile-caret-right:0;--awb-fusion-font-family-typography:"Manrope";--awb-fusion-font-style-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-typography:600;--awb-fusion-font-family-submenu-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-submenu-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-submenu-typography:400;--awb-fusion-font-family-mobile-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-mobile-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-mobile-typography:400;" aria-label="Footer Menu 1" data-breakpoint="0" data-count="4" data-transition-type="left" data-transition-time="300" data-expand="right"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-1" class="fusion-menu awb-menu__main-ul awb-menu__main-ul_column"><li id="menu-item-6095" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6095 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6095"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/time-and-space-a-personal-journey-through-history" class="awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular"><span class="menu-text">Time and Space</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-6096" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6096 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6096"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active 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class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ancient-egypt-the-gift-of-the-nile" class="awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular"><span class="menu-text">Ancient Egypt</span></a></li></ul></nav></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-5 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:20%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:9.6%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:9.6%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column"><div class="fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five" style="--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-margin-bottom:25px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;"><h5 class="fusion-title-heading title-heading-left" style="margin:0;"> </h5></div><nav class="awb-menu awb-menu_column awb-menu_em-hover mobile-mode-collapse-to-button awb-menu_icons-left awb-menu_dc-yes mobile-trigger-fullwidth-off awb-menu_mobile-toggle awb-menu_indent-left mobile-size-full-absolute loading mega-menu-loading awb-menu_desktop awb-menu_arrows-main awb-menu_dropdown awb-menu_expand-right awb-menu_transition-fade" style="--awb-font-size:18px;--awb-text-transform:none;--awb-gap:12px;--awb-color:#333333;--awb-active-color:#00acd4;--awb-active-border-color:#00acd4;--awb-submenu-text-transform:none;--awb-icons-color:#023a51;--awb-icons-hover-color:#00acd4;--awb-arrows-size-height:10px;--awb-arrows-size-width:10px;--awb-main-justify-content:flex-start;--awb-mobile-justify:flex-start;--awb-mobile-caret-left:auto;--awb-mobile-caret-right:0;--awb-fusion-font-family-typography:"Manrope";--awb-fusion-font-style-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-typography:600;--awb-fusion-font-family-submenu-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-submenu-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-submenu-typography:400;--awb-fusion-font-family-mobile-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-mobile-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-mobile-typography:400;" aria-label="Footer Menu 2" data-breakpoint="0" data-count="5" data-transition-type="left" data-transition-time="300" data-expand="right"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-2" class="fusion-menu awb-menu__main-ul awb-menu__main-ul_column"><li id="menu-item-6102" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6102 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6102"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/african-history-a-great-oral-tradition" class="awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular"><span class="menu-text">African History</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-6105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6105 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6105"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a 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fusion-title-6 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five" style="--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-margin-bottom:25px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;"><h5 class="fusion-title-heading title-heading-left" style="margin:0;"> </h5></div><nav class="awb-menu awb-menu_column awb-menu_em-hover mobile-mode-collapse-to-button awb-menu_icons-left awb-menu_dc-yes mobile-trigger-fullwidth-off awb-menu_mobile-toggle awb-menu_indent-left mobile-size-full-absolute loading mega-menu-loading awb-menu_desktop awb-menu_arrows-main awb-menu_dropdown awb-menu_expand-right awb-menu_transition-fade" style="--awb-font-size:18px;--awb-text-transform:none;--awb-gap:12px;--awb-color:#333333;--awb-active-color:#00acd4;--awb-active-border-color:#00acd4;--awb-submenu-text-transform:none;--awb-icons-color:#023a51;--awb-icons-hover-color:#00acd4;--awb-arrows-size-height:10px;--awb-arrows-size-width:10px;--awb-main-justify-content:flex-start;--awb-mobile-justify:flex-start;--awb-mobile-caret-left:auto;--awb-mobile-caret-right:0;--awb-fusion-font-family-typography:"Manrope";--awb-fusion-font-style-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-typography:600;--awb-fusion-font-family-submenu-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-submenu-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-submenu-typography:400;--awb-fusion-font-family-mobile-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-mobile-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-mobile-typography:400;" aria-label="Footer Menu 3" data-breakpoint="0" data-count="6" data-transition-type="left" data-transition-time="300" data-expand="right"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-3" class="fusion-menu awb-menu__main-ul awb-menu__main-ul_column"><li id="menu-item-6107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6107 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6107"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ancient-greece-the-cradle-of-western-civilization" class="awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular"><span class="menu-text">Ancient Greece</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-6108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6108 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6108"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/ancient-rome-a-new-power-rises" class="awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular"><span class="menu-text">Ancient Rome</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-6109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6109 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6109"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_left"></span><span class="awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_left"></span><a href="https://mrdowling.com/the-middle-ages-between-ancient-and-modern" class="awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular"><span class="menu-text">The Middle Ages</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-6110" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6110 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular" data-item-id="6110"><span class="awb-menu__main-background-default 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