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padding:0
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}
.BlogArchive li{
margin:16px 0
}
.BlogArchive li:last-child{
margin-bottom:0
}
.Label li a{
display:inline-block
}
.BlogArchive .post-count,.Label .label-count{
float:right;
margin-left:.25em
}
.BlogArchive .post-count::before,.Label .label-count::before{
content:"("
}
.BlogArchive .post-count::after,.Label .label-count::after{
content:")"
}
.widget.Translate .skiptranslate>div{
display:block!important
}
.widget.Profile .profile-link{
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex
}
.widget.Profile .team-member .default-avatar-wrapper,.widget.Profile .team-member .profile-img{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
margin-right:1em
}
.widget.Profile .individual .profile-link{
-webkit-box-orient:vertical;
-webkit-box-direction:normal;
-webkit-flex-direction:column;
-ms-flex-direction:column;
flex-direction:column
}
.widget.Profile .team .profile-link .profile-name{
-webkit-align-self:center;
-ms-flex-item-align:center;
align-self:center;
display:block;
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;
-ms-flex:1 1 auto;
flex:1 1 auto
}
.dim-overlay{
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.54);
z-index:100
}
body.sidebar-visible{
overflow-y:hidden
}
@media screen and (max-width:1619px){
.sidebar-container{
bottom:0;
position:fixed;
top:0;
left:auto;
right:0
}
.sidebar-container.sidebar-invisible{
-webkit-transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1);
transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.6,1);
-webkit-transform:translateX(320px);
-ms-transform:translateX(320px);
transform:translateX(320px)
}
}
.dialog{
box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);
background:#ececec;
box-sizing:border-box;
color:#292929;
padding:30px;
position:fixed;
text-align:center;
width:calc(100% - 24px);
z-index:101
}
.dialog input[type=email],.dialog input[type=text]{
background-color:transparent;
border:0;
border-bottom:solid 1px rgba(41,41,41,.12);
color:#292929;
display:block;
font-family:Lato, sans-serif;
font-size:16px;
line-height:24px;
margin:auto;
padding-bottom:7px;
outline:0;
text-align:center;
width:100%
}
.dialog input[type=email]::-webkit-input-placeholder,.dialog input[type=text]::-webkit-input-placeholder{
color:#292929
}
.dialog input[type=email]::-moz-placeholder,.dialog input[type=text]::-moz-placeholder{
color:#292929
}
.dialog input[type=email]:-ms-input-placeholder,.dialog input[type=text]:-ms-input-placeholder{
color:#292929
}
.dialog input[type=email]::-ms-input-placeholder,.dialog input[type=text]::-ms-input-placeholder{
color:#292929
}
.dialog input[type=email]::placeholder,.dialog input[type=text]::placeholder{
color:#292929
}
.dialog input[type=email]:focus,.dialog input[type=text]:focus{
border-bottom:solid 2px #d67f3f;
padding-bottom:6px
}
.dialog input.no-cursor{
color:transparent;
text-shadow:0 0 0 #292929
}
.dialog input.no-cursor:focus{
outline:0
}
.dialog input.no-cursor:focus{
outline:0
}
.dialog input[type=submit]{
font-family:Lato, sans-serif
}
.dialog .goog-buttonset-default{
color:#d67f3f
}
.subscribe-popup{
max-width:364px
}
.subscribe-popup h3{
color:#ffffff;
font-size:1.8em;
margin-top:0
}
.subscribe-popup .FollowByEmail h3{
display:none
}
.subscribe-popup .FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-submit{
color:#d67f3f;
display:inline-block;
margin:0 auto;
margin-top:24px;
width:auto;
white-space:normal
}
.subscribe-popup .FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-submit:disabled{
cursor:default;
opacity:.3
}
@media (max-width:800px){
.blog-name div.widget.Subscribe{
margin-bottom:16px
}
body.item-view .blog-name div.widget.Subscribe{
margin:8px auto 16px auto;
width:100%
}
}
body#layout .bg-photo,body#layout .bg-photo-overlay{
display:none
}
body#layout .page_body{
padding:0;
position:relative;
top:0
}
body#layout .page{
display:inline-block;
left:inherit;
position:relative;
vertical-align:top;
width:540px
}
body#layout .centered{
max-width:954px
}
body#layout .navigation{
display:none
}
body#layout .sidebar-container{
display:inline-block;
width:40%
}
body#layout .hamburger-menu,body#layout .search{
display:none
}
.widget.Sharing .sharing-button{
display:none
}
.widget.Sharing .sharing-buttons li{
padding:0
}
.widget.Sharing .sharing-buttons li span{
display:none
}
.post-share-buttons{
position:relative
}
.centered-bottom .share-buttons .svg-icon-24,.share-buttons .svg-icon-24{
fill:#d67f3f
}
.sharing-open.touch-icon-button:active .touch-icon,.sharing-open.touch-icon-button:focus .touch-icon{
background-color:transparent
}
.share-buttons{
background-color:#ececec;
border-radius:2px;
box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);
color:#d67f3f;
list-style:none;
margin:0;
padding:8px 0;
position:absolute;
top:-11px;
min-width:200px;
z-index:101
}
.share-buttons.hidden{
display:none
}
.sharing-button{
background:0 0;
border:0;
margin:0;
outline:0;
padding:0;
cursor:pointer
}
.share-buttons li{
margin:0;
height:48px
}
.share-buttons li:last-child{
margin-bottom:0
}
.share-buttons li .sharing-platform-button{
box-sizing:border-box;
cursor:pointer;
display:block;
height:100%;
margin-bottom:0;
padding:0 16px;
position:relative;
width:100%
}
.share-buttons li .sharing-platform-button:focus,.share-buttons li .sharing-platform-button:hover{
background-color:rgba(128,128,128,.1);
outline:0
}
.share-buttons li svg[class*=" sharing-"],.share-buttons li svg[class^=sharing-]{
position:absolute;
top:10px
}
.share-buttons li span.sharing-platform-button{
position:relative;
top:0
}
.share-buttons li .platform-sharing-text{
display:block;
font-size:16px;
line-height:48px;
white-space:nowrap
}
.share-buttons li .platform-sharing-text{
margin-left:56px
}
.flat-button{
cursor:pointer;
display:inline-block;
font-weight:700;
text-transform:uppercase;
border-radius:2px;
padding:8px;
margin:-8px
}
.flat-icon-button{
background:0 0;
border:0;
margin:0;
outline:0;
padding:0;
margin:-12px;
padding:12px;
cursor:pointer;
box-sizing:content-box;
display:inline-block;
line-height:0
}
.flat-icon-button,.flat-icon-button .splash-wrapper{
border-radius:50%
}
.flat-icon-button .splash.animate{
-webkit-animation-duration:.3s;
animation-duration:.3s
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{
margin:0
}
.post-body h1,.post-body h2,.post-body h3,.post-body h4,.post-body h5,.post-body h6{
margin:1em 0
}
.action-link,a{
color:#d67f3f;
cursor:pointer;
text-decoration:none
}
.action-link:visited,a:visited{
color:#d67f3f
}
.action-link:hover,a:hover{
color:#d67f3f
}
body{
background-color:#ececec;
color:#292929;
font:400 20px Lato, sans-serif;
margin:0 auto
}
.unused{
background:#ececec none repeat scroll top left
}
.dim-overlay{
z-index:100
}
.all-container{
min-height:100vh;
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
-webkit-box-orient:vertical;
-webkit-box-direction:normal;
-webkit-flex-direction:column;
-ms-flex-direction:column;
flex-direction:column
}
body.sidebar-visible .all-container{
overflow-y:scroll
}
.page{
max-width:1280px;
width:100%
}
.Blog{
padding:0;
padding-left:136px
}
.main_content_container{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
margin:0 auto;
max-width:1600px;
width:100%
}
.centered-top-container{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto
}
.centered-top,.centered-top-placeholder{
box-sizing:border-box;
width:100%
}
.centered-top{
box-sizing:border-box;
margin:0 auto;
max-width:1280px;
padding:44px 136px 32px 136px;
width:100%
}
.centered-top h3{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
.centered{
width:100%
}
.centered-top-firstline{
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
position:relative;
width:100%
}
.main_header_elements{
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;
-ms-flex:0 1 auto;
flex:0 1 auto;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;
-webkit-order:1;
-ms-flex-order:1;
order:1;
overflow-x:hidden;
width:100%
}
html[dir=rtl] .main_header_elements{
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;
-webkit-order:2;
-ms-flex-order:2;
order:2
}
body.search-view .centered-top.search-focused .blog-name{
display:none
}
.widget.Header img{
max-width:100%
}
.blog-name{
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;
-ms-flex:1 1 auto;
flex:1 1 auto;
min-width:0;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;
-webkit-order:1;
-ms-flex-order:1;
order:1;
-webkit-transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1)
}
.subscribe-section-container{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;
-webkit-order:2;
-ms-flex-order:2;
order:2
}
.search{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:4;
-webkit-order:3;
-ms-flex-order:3;
order:3;
line-height:24px
}
.search svg{
margin-bottom:0px;
margin-top:0px;
padding-bottom:0;
padding-top:0
}
.search,.search.focused{
display:block;
width:auto
}
.search .section{
opacity:0;
position:absolute;
right:0;
top:0;
-webkit-transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1)
}
.search-expand{
background:0 0;
border:0;
margin:0;
outline:0;
padding:0;
display:block
}
.search.focused .search-expand{
visibility:hidden
}
.hamburger-menu{
float:right;
height:24px
}
.search-expand,.subscribe-section-container{
margin-left:44px
}
.hamburger-section{
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;
-ms-flex:1 0 auto;
flex:1 0 auto;
margin-left:44px;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;
-webkit-order:2;
-ms-flex-order:2;
order:2
}
html[dir=rtl] .hamburger-section{
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;
-webkit-order:1;
-ms-flex-order:1;
order:1
}
.search-expand-icon{
display:none
}
.search-expand-text{
display:block
}
.search-input{
width:100%
}
.search-focused .hamburger-section{
visibility:visible
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList ul{
margin:0;
max-height:288px;
overflow-y:hidden
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList li{
margin-right:30px
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList li:first-child a{
padding-left:0
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList .overflow-popup ul{
overflow-y:auto
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList .overflow-popup li{
display:block
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList .overflow-popup li.hidden{
display:none
}
.overflowable-contents li{
display:inline-block;
height:48px
}
.sticky .blog-name{
overflow:hidden
}
.sticky .blog-name .widget.Header h1{
overflow:hidden;
text-overflow:ellipsis;
white-space:nowrap
}
.sticky .blog-name .widget.Header p,.sticky .centered-top-secondline{
display:none
}
.centered-top-container,.centered-top-placeholder{
background:#ececec none repeat scroll top left
}
.centered-top .svg-icon-24{
fill:#d67f3f
}
.blog-name h1,.blog-name h1 a{
color:#5e5c61;
font:400 24px EB Garamond, serif;
line-height:24px;
text-transform:uppercase
}
.widget.Header .header-widget p{
font:400 14px EB Garamond, serif;
font-style:italic;
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
line-height:1.6;
max-width:676px
}
.centered-top .flat-button{
color:#d67f3f;
cursor:pointer;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif;
line-height:24px;
text-transform:uppercase;
-webkit-transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1)
}
.subscribe-button{
background:0 0;
border:0;
margin:0;
outline:0;
padding:0;
display:block
}
html[dir=ltr] .search form{
margin-right:12px
}
.search.focused .section{
opacity:1;
margin-right:36px;
width:calc(100% - 36px)
}
.search input{
border:0;
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
line-height:24px;
outline:0;
width:100%
}
.search form{
padding-bottom:0
}
.search input[type=submit]{
display:none
}
.search input::-webkit-input-placeholder{
text-transform:uppercase
}
.search input::-moz-placeholder{
text-transform:uppercase
}
.search input:-ms-input-placeholder{
text-transform:uppercase
}
.search input::-ms-input-placeholder{
text-transform:uppercase
}
.search input::placeholder{
text-transform:uppercase
}
.centered-top-secondline .dim-overlay,.search .dim-overlay{
background:0 0
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList .overflow-button a,.centered-top-secondline .PageList li a{
color:#d67f3f;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif;
line-height:48px;
padding:12px
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList li.selected a{
color:#d67f3f
}
.centered-top-secondline .overflow-popup .PageList li a{
color:#292929
}
.PageList ul{
padding:0
}
.sticky .search form{
border:0
}
.sticky{
box-shadow:0 0 20px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.7)
}
.sticky .centered-top{
padding-bottom:0;
padding-top:0
}
.sticky .blog-name h1,.sticky .search,.sticky .search-expand,.sticky .subscribe-button{
line-height:40px
}
.sticky .hamburger-section,.sticky .search-expand,.sticky .search.focused .search-submit{
-webkit-box-align:center;
-webkit-align-items:center;
-ms-flex-align:center;
align-items:center;
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
height:40px
}
.subscribe-popup h3{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.84);
font:700 24px Lato, sans-serif;
margin-bottom:24px
}
.subscribe-popup div.widget.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-address{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.84);
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
.subscribe-popup div.widget.FollowByEmail .follow-by-email-submit{
color:#d67f3f;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif;
margin-top:24px
}
.post-content{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;
-ms-flex:0 1 auto;
flex:0 1 auto;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;
-webkit-order:1;
-ms-flex-order:1;
order:1;
margin-right:76px;
max-width:676px;
width:100%
}
.post-filter-message{
background-color:#d67f3f;
color:#ececec;
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
margin:40px 136px 48px 136px;
padding:10px;
position:relative
}
.post-filter-message>*{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto
}
.post-filter-message .search-query{
font-style:italic;
quotes:"\201c" "\201d" "\2018" "\2019"
}
.post-filter-message .search-query::before{
content:open-quote
}
.post-filter-message .search-query::after{
content:close-quote
}
.post-filter-message div{
display:inline-block
}
.post-filter-message a{
color:#ececec;
display:inline-block;
text-transform:uppercase
}
.post-filter-description{
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;
-ms-flex:1 1 auto;
flex:1 1 auto;
margin-right:16px
}
.post-title{
margin-top:0
}
body.feed-view .post-outer-container{
margin-top:85px
}
body.feed-view .feed-message+.post-outer-container,body.feed-view .post-outer-container:first-child{
margin-top:0
}
.post-outer{
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
position:relative
}
.post-outer .snippet-thumbnail{
-webkit-box-align:center;
-webkit-align-items:center;
-ms-flex-align:center;
align-items:center;
background:#000;
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
height:256px;
-webkit-box-pack:center;
-webkit-justify-content:center;
-ms-flex-pack:center;
justify-content:center;
margin-right:136px;
overflow:hidden;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;
-webkit-order:2;
-ms-flex-order:2;
order:2;
position:relative;
width:256px
}
.post-outer .thumbnail-empty{
background:0 0
}
.post-outer .snippet-thumbnail-img{
background-position:center;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-size:cover;
width:100%;
height:100%
}
.post-outer .snippet-thumbnail img{
max-height:100%
}
.post-title-container{
margin-bottom:16px
}
.post-bottom{
-webkit-box-align:baseline;
-webkit-align-items:baseline;
-ms-flex-align:baseline;
align-items:baseline;
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
-webkit-box-pack:justify;
-webkit-justify-content:space-between;
-ms-flex-pack:justify;
justify-content:space-between
}
.post-share-buttons-bottom{
float:left
}
.footer{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
margin:auto auto 0 auto;
padding-bottom:32px;
width:auto
}
.post-header-container{
margin-bottom:12px
}
.post-header-container .post-share-buttons-top{
float:right
}
.post-header-container .post-header{
float:left
}
.byline{
display:inline-block;
margin-bottom:8px
}
.byline,.byline a,.flat-button{
color:#d67f3f;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
.flat-button.ripple .splash{
background-color:rgba(214,127,63,.4)
}
.flat-button.ripple:hover{
background-color:rgba(214,127,63,.12)
}
.post-footer .byline{
text-transform:uppercase
}
.post-comment-link{
line-height:1
}
.blog-pager{
float:right;
margin-right:468px;
margin-top:48px
}
.FeaturedPost{
margin-bottom:56px
}
.FeaturedPost h3{
margin:16px 136px 8px 136px
}
.shown-ad{
margin-bottom:85px;
margin-top:85px
}
.shown-ad .inline-ad{
display:block;
max-width:676px
}
body.feed-view .shown-ad:last-child{
display:none
}
.post-title,.post-title a{
color:#3e3f3c;
font:400 44px EB Garamond, serif;
line-height:1.3333333333
}
.feed-message{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
margin-bottom:52px
}
.post-header-container .byline,.post-header-container .byline a{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif
}
.post-header-container .byline.post-author:not(:last-child)::after{
content:"\b7"
}
.post-header-container .byline.post-author:not(:last-child){
margin-right:0
}
.post-snippet-container{
font:400 20px Lato, sans-serif
}
.sharing-button{
text-transform:uppercase;
word-break:normal
}
.post-outer-container .svg-icon-24{
fill:#d67f3f
}
.post-body{
color:#3e3f3c;
font:400 20px Lato, sans-serif;
line-height:2;
margin-bottom:24px
}
.blog-pager .blog-pager-older-link{
color:#d67f3f;
float:right;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif;
text-transform:uppercase
}
.no-posts-message{
margin:32px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-title-container{
background-color:#5e5c61;
box-sizing:border-box;
margin-bottom:-1px;
padding-bottom:86px;
padding-right:290px;
padding-left:140px;
padding-top:124px;
width:100%
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-title,body.item-view .Blog .post-title a{
color:#ffffff;
font:400 48px EB Garamond, sans-serif;
line-height:1.4166666667;
margin-bottom:0
}
body.item-view .Blog{
margin:0;
margin-bottom:85px;
padding:0
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-content{
margin-right:0;
max-width:none
}
body.item-view .comments,body.item-view .shown-ad,body.item-view .widget.Blog .post-bottom{
margin-bottom:0;
margin-right:400px;
margin-left:140px;
margin-top:0
}
body.item-view .widget.Header header p{
max-width:740px
}
body.item-view .shown-ad{
margin-bottom:24px;
margin-top:24px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-header-container{
padding-left:140px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-header-container .post-author-profile-pic-container{
background-color:#5e5c61;
border-top:1px solid #5e5c61;
float:left;
height:84px;
margin-right:24px;
margin-left:-140px;
padding-left:140px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-author-profile-pic{
max-height:100%
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-header{
float:left;
height:84px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-header>*{
position:relative;
top:50%;
-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);
-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);
transform:translateY(-50%)
}
body.item-view .post-body{
color:#292929;
font:400 20px Lato, sans-serif;
line-height:2
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body-container{
padding-right:290px;
position:relative;
margin-left:140px;
margin-top:20px;
margin-bottom:32px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body{
margin-bottom:0;
margin-right:110px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body::first-letter{
float:left;
font-size:80px;
font-weight:600;
line-height:1;
margin-right:16px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body div[style*="text-align: center"]::first-letter{
float:none;
font-size:inherit;
font-weight:inherit;
line-height:inherit;
margin-right:0
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body::first-line{
color:#d67f3f
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body-container .post-sidebar{
right:0;
position:absolute;
top:0;
width:290px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body-container .post-sidebar .sharing-button{
display:inline-block
}
.widget.Attribution{
clear:both;
font:600 14px Open Sans, sans-serif;
padding-top:2em
}
.widget.Attribution .blogger{
margin:12px
}
.widget.Attribution svg{
fill:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54)
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts{
margin-left:140px
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts .widget-content>ul{
padding-left:0
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts .widget-content>ul>li{
display:block
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts .post-content{
margin-right:76px;
max-width:664px
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts .post:not(:last-child){
margin-bottom:85px
}
body.item-view .post-body-container img{
height:auto;
max-width:100%
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts>.title{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
margin-bottom:36px
}
body.item-view .post-sidebar .post-labels-sidebar{
margin-top:48px;
min-width:150px
}
body.item-view .post-sidebar .post-labels-sidebar h3{
color:#292929;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif;
margin-bottom:16px
}
body.item-view .post-sidebar .post-labels-sidebar a{
color:#d67f3f;
display:block;
font:400 14px Lato, sans-serif;
font-style:italic;
line-height:2
}
body.item-view blockquote{
font:italic 600 44px EB Garamond, serif;
font-style:italic;
quotes:"\201c" "\201d" "\2018" "\2019"
}
body.item-view blockquote::before{
content:open-quote
}
body.item-view blockquote::after{
content:close-quote
}
body.item-view .post-bottom{
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
float:none
}
body.item-view .widget.Blog .post-share-buttons-bottom{
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;
-ms-flex:0 1 auto;
flex:0 1 auto;
-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;
-webkit-order:2;
-ms-flex-order:2;
order:2
}
body.item-view .widget.Blog .post-footer{
line-height:1;
margin-right:24px
}
.widget.Blog body.item-view .post-bottom{
margin-right:0;
margin-bottom:80px
}
body.item-view .post-footer .post-labels .byline-label{
color:#292929;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
body.item-view .post-footer .post-labels a{
color:#d67f3f;
display:inline-block;
font:400 14px Lato, sans-serif;
line-height:2
}
body.item-view .post-footer .post-labels a:not(:last-child)::after{
content:", "
}
body.item-view #comments{
border-top:0;
padding:0
}
body.item-view #comments h3.title{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
margin-bottom:48px
}
body.item-view #comments .comment-form h4{
position:absolute;
clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);
padding:0;
border:0;
height:1px;
width:1px;
overflow:hidden
}
.heroPost{
display:-webkit-box;
display:-webkit-flex;
display:-ms-flexbox;
display:flex;
position:relative
}
.widget.Blog .heroPost{
margin-left:-136px
}
.heroPost .big-post-title .post-snippet{
color:#ffffff
}
.heroPost.noimage .post-snippet{
color:#3e3f3c
}
.heroPost .big-post-image-top{
display:none;
background-size:cover;
background-position:center
}
.heroPost .big-post-title{
background-color:#5e5c61;
box-sizing:border-box;
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;
-ms-flex:1 1 auto;
flex:1 1 auto;
max-width:888px;
min-width:0;
padding-bottom:84px;
padding-right:76px;
padding-left:136px;
padding-top:76px
}
.heroPost.noimage .big-post-title{
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;
-ms-flex:1 0 auto;
flex:1 0 auto;
max-width:480px;
width:480px
}
.heroPost .big-post-title h3{
margin:0 0 24px
}
.heroPost .big-post-title h3 a{
color:#ffffff
}
.heroPost .big-post-title .post-body{
color:#ffffff
}
.heroPost .big-post-title .item-byline{
color:#ffffff;
margin-bottom:24px
}
.heroPost .big-post-title .item-byline .post-timestamp{
display:block
}
.heroPost .big-post-title .item-byline a{
color:#ffffff
}
.heroPost .byline,.heroPost .byline a,.heroPost .flat-button{
color:#ffffff
}
.heroPost .flat-button.ripple .splash{
background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.4)
}
.heroPost .flat-button.ripple:hover{
background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.12)
}
.heroPost .big-post-image{
background-position:center;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-size:cover;
-webkit-box-flex:0;
-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;
-ms-flex:0 0 auto;
flex:0 0 auto;
width:392px
}
.heroPost .big-post-text{
background-color:#cccccc;
box-sizing:border-box;
color:#3e3f3c;
-webkit-box-flex:1;
-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;
-ms-flex:1 1 auto;
flex:1 1 auto;
min-width:0;
padding:48px
}
.heroPost .big-post-text .post-snippet-fade{
color:#3e3f3c;
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(right,#cccccc,rgba(204, 204, 204, 0));
background:linear-gradient(to left,#cccccc,rgba(204, 204, 204, 0))
}
.heroPost .big-post-text .byline,.heroPost .big-post-text .byline a,.heroPost .big-post-text .jump-link,.heroPost .big-post-text .sharing-button{
color:#3e3f3c
}
.heroPost .big-post-text .snippet-item::first-letter{
color:#3e3f3c;
float:left;
font-weight:700;
margin-right:12px
}
.sidebar-container{
background-color:#ececec
}
body.sidebar-visible .sidebar-container{
box-shadow:0 0 20px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.7)
}
.sidebar-container .svg-icon-24{
fill:#000000
}
.sidebar-container .navigation .sidebar-back{
float:right
}
.sidebar-container .widget{
padding-right:16px;
margin-right:0;
margin-left:38px
}
.sidebar-container .widget+.widget{
border-top:solid 1px #bdbdbd
}
.sidebar-container .widget .title{
font:400 16px Lato, sans-serif
}
.collapsible{
width:100%
}
.widget.Profile{
border-top:0;
margin:0;
margin-left:38px;
margin-top:24px;
padding-right:0
}
body.sidebar-visible .widget.Profile{
margin-left:0
}
.widget.Profile h2{
display:none
}
.widget.Profile h3.title{
color:#000000;
margin:16px 32px
}
.widget.Profile .individual{
text-align:center
}
.widget.Profile .individual .default-avatar-wrapper .avatar-icon{
margin:auto
}
.widget.Profile .team{
margin-bottom:32px;
margin-left:32px;
margin-right:32px
}
.widget.Profile ul{
list-style:none;
padding:0
}
.widget.Profile li{
margin:10px 0;
text-align:left
}
.widget.Profile .profile-img{
border-radius:50%;
float:none
}
.widget.Profile .profile-info{
margin-bottom:12px
}
.profile-snippet-fade{
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(right,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
background:linear-gradient(to left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
height:1.7em;
position:absolute;
right:16px;
top:11.7em;
width:96px
}
.profile-snippet-fade::after{
content:"\2026";
float:right
}
.widget.Profile .profile-location{
color:#000000;
font-size:16px;
margin:0;
opacity:.74
}
.widget.Profile .team-member .profile-link::after{
clear:both;
content:"";
display:table
}
.widget.Profile .team-member .profile-name{
word-break:break-word
}
.widget.Profile .profile-datablock .profile-link{
color:#000000;
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
font-size:24px;
text-transform:none;
word-break:break-word
}
.widget.Profile .profile-datablock .profile-link+div{
margin-top:16px!important
}
.widget.Profile .profile-link{
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
font-size:14px
}
.widget.Profile .profile-textblock{
color:#000000;
font-size:14px;
line-height:24px;
margin:0 18px;
opacity:.74;
overflow:hidden;
position:relative;
word-break:break-word
}
.widget.Label .list-label-widget-content li a{
width:100%;
word-wrap:break-word
}
.extendable .show-less,.extendable .show-more{
font:700 16px Lato, sans-serif;
font-size:14px;
margin:0 -8px
}
.widget.BlogArchive .post-count{
color:#292929
}
.Label li{
margin:16px 0
}
.Label li:last-child{
margin-bottom:0
}
.post-snippet.snippet-container{
max-height:160px
}
.post-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:40px
}
.post-snippet .snippet-fade{
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
background:linear-gradient(to left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
color:#292929;
height:40px
}
.hero-post-snippet.snippet-container{
max-height:160px
}
.hero-post-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:40px
}
.hero-post-snippet .snippet-fade{
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,#5e5c61 0,#5e5c61 20%,rgba(94, 92, 97, 0) 100%);
background:linear-gradient(to left,#5e5c61 0,#5e5c61 20%,rgba(94, 92, 97, 0) 100%);
color:#ffffff;
height:40px
}
.hero-post-snippet a{
color:#e6b18a
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet.snippet-container{
max-height:320px
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:40px
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet .snippet-fade{
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,#cccccc 0,#cccccc 20%,rgba(204, 204, 204, 0) 100%);
background:linear-gradient(to left,#cccccc 0,#cccccc 20%,rgba(204, 204, 204, 0) 100%);
color:#3e3f3c;
height:40px
}
.popular-posts-snippet.snippet-container{
max-height:160px
}
.popular-posts-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:40px
}
.popular-posts-snippet .snippet-fade{
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
background:linear-gradient(to left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
color:#292929;
height:40px
}
.profile-snippet.snippet-container{
max-height:192px
}
.profile-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:24px
}
.profile-snippet .snippet-fade{
background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
background:linear-gradient(to left,#ececec 0,#ececec 20%,rgba(236, 236, 236, 0) 100%);
color:#000000;
height:24px
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet .snippet-item::first-letter{
font-size:80px;
line-height:80px
}
#comments a,#comments cite,#comments div{
font-size:16px;
line-height:1.4
}
#comments .comment .comment-header .user,#comments .comment .comment-header .user a{
color:#292929;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
#comments .comment .comment-header .datetime a{
color:rgba(0,0,0,0.54);
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
#comments .comment .comment-header .datetime a::before{
content:"\b7 "
}
#comments .comment .comment-content{
margin-top:6px
}
#comments .comment .comment-actions{
color:#d67f3f;
font:700 14px Lato, sans-serif
}
#comments .continue{
display:none
}
#comments .comment-footer{
margin-top:8px
}
.cmt_iframe_holder{
margin-left:140px!important
}
body.variant-rockpool_deep_orange .centered-top-secondline .PageList .overflow-popup li a{
color:#000
}
body.variant-rockpool_pink .blog-name h1,body.variant-rockpool_pink .blog-name h1 a{
text-transform:none
}
body.variant-rockpool_deep_orange .post-filter-message{
background-color:#ececec
}
@media screen and (max-width:1619px){
.page{
float:none;
margin:0 auto;
max-width:none!important
}
.page_body{
max-width:1280px;
margin:0 auto
}
}
@media screen and (max-width:1280px){
.heroPost .big-post-image{
display:table-cell;
left:auto;
position:static;
top:auto
}
.heroPost .big-post-title{
display:table-cell
}
}
@media screen and (max-width:1168px){
.centered-top-container,.centered-top-placeholder{
padding:24px 24px 32px 24px
}
.sticky{
padding:0 24px
}
.subscribe-section-container{
margin-left:48px
}
.hamburger-section{
margin-left:48px
}
.big-post-text-inner,.big-post-title-inner{
margin:0 auto;
max-width:920px
}
.centered-top{
padding:0;
max-width:920px
}
.Blog{
padding:0
}
body.item-view .Blog{
padding:0 24px;
margin:0 auto;
max-width:920px
}
.post-filter-description{
margin-right:36px
}
.post-outer{
display:block
}
.post-content{
max-width:none;
margin:0
}
.post-outer .snippet-thumbnail{
width:920px;
height:613.3333333333px;
margin-bottom:16px
}
.post-outer .snippet-thumbnail.thumbnail-empty{
display:none
}
.shown-ad .inline-ad{
max-width:100%
}
body.item-view .Blog{
padding:0;
max-width:none
}
.post-filter-message{
margin:24px calc((100% - 920px)/ 2);
max-width:none
}
.FeaturedPost h3,body.feed-view .blog-posts,body.feed-view .feed-message{
margin-left:calc((100% - 920px)/ 2);
margin-right:calc((100% - 920px)/ 2)
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-title-container{
padding:62px calc((100% - 920px)/ 2) 24px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-header-container{
padding-left:calc((100% - 920px)/ 2)
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body-container,body.item-view .comments,body.item-view .post-outer-container>.shown-ad,body.item-view .widget.Blog .post-bottom{
margin:32px calc((100% - 920px)/ 2);
padding:0
}
body.item-view .cmt_iframe_holder{
margin:32px 24px!important
}
.blog-pager{
margin-left:calc((100% - 920px)/ 2);
margin-right:calc((100% - 920px)/ 2)
}
body.item-view .post-bottom{
margin:0 auto;
max-width:968px
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts .post-content{
max-width:100%;
margin-right:0
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body{
margin-right:0
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-sidebar{
display:none
}
body.item-view .widget.Blog .post-share-buttons-bottom{
margin-right:24px
}
body.item-view .PopularPosts{
margin:0 auto;
max-width:920px
}
body.item-view .comment-thread-title{
margin-left:calc((100% - 920px)/ 2)
}
.heroPost{
display:block
}
.heroPost .big-post-title{
display:block;
max-width:none;
padding:24px
}
.heroPost .big-post-image{
display:none
}
.heroPost .big-post-image-top{
display:block;
height:613.3333333333px;
margin:0 auto;
max-width:920px
}
.heroPost .big-post-image-top-container{
background-color:#5e5c61
}
.heroPost.noimage .big-post-title{
max-width:none;
width:100%
}
.heroPost.noimage .big-post-text{
position:static;
width:100%
}
.heroPost .big-post-text{
padding:24px
}
}
@media screen and (max-width:968px){
body{
font-size:14px
}
.post-header-container .byline,.post-header-container .byline a{
font-size:14px
}
.post-title,.post-title a{
font-size:24px
}
.post-outer .snippet-thumbnail{
width:100%;
height:calc((100vw - 48px) * 2 / 3)
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-title-container{
padding:62px 24px 24px 24px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-header-container{
padding-left:24px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body-container,body.item-view .PopularPosts,body.item-view .comments,body.item-view .post-outer-container>.shown-ad,body.item-view .widget.Blog .post-bottom{
margin:32px 24px;
padding:0
}
.FeaturedPost h3,body.feed-view .blog-posts,body.feed-view .feed-message{
margin-left:24px;
margin-right:24px
}
.post-filter-message{
margin:24px 24px 48px 24px
}
body.item-view blockquote{
font-size:18px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-title{
font-size:24px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body{
font-size:14px
}
body.item-view .Blog .post-body::first-letter{
font-size:56px;
line-height:56px
}
.main_header_elements{
position:relative;
display:block
}
.search.focused .section{
margin-right:0;
width:100%
}
html[dir=ltr] .search form{
margin-right:0
}
.hamburger-section{
margin-left:24px
}
.search-expand-icon{
display:block;
float:left;
height:24px;
margin-top:-12px
}
.search-expand-text{
display:none
}
.subscribe-section-container{
margin-top:12px
}
.subscribe-section-container{
float:left;
margin-left:0
}
.search-expand{
position:absolute;
right:0;
top:0
}
html[dir=ltr] .search-expand{
margin-left:24px
}
.centered-top.search-focused .subscribe-section-container{
opacity:0
}
.blog-name{
float:none
}
.blog-name{
margin-right:36px
}
.centered-top-secondline .PageList li{
margin-right:24px
}
.centered-top.search-focused .subscribe-button,.centered-top.search-focused .subscribe-section-container{
opacity:1
}
body.item-view .comment-thread-title{
margin-left:24px
}
.blog-pager{
margin-left:24px;
margin-right:24px
}
.heroPost .big-post-image-top{
width:100%;
height:calc(100vw * 2 / 3)
}
.popular-posts-snippet.snippet-container,.post-snippet.snippet-container{
font-size:14px;
max-height:112px
}
.popular-posts-snippet .snippet-item,.post-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:2
}
.popular-posts-snippet .snippet-fade,.post-snippet .snippet-fade{
height:28px
}
.hero-post-snippet.snippet-container{
font-size:14px;
max-height:112px
}
.hero-post-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:2
}
.hero-post-snippet .snippet-fade{
height:28px
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet.snippet-container{
font-size:14px;
line-height:2;
max-height:224px
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet .snippet-item{
line-height:2
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet .snippet-fade{
height:28px
}
.hero-post-noimage-snippet .snippet-item::first-letter{
font-size:56px;
line-height:normal
}
body.item-view .post-body-container .separator[style*="text-align: center"] a[imageanchor="1"]{
margin-left:-24px!important;
margin-right:-24px!important
}
body.item-view .post-body-container .separator[style*="text-align: center"] a[imageanchor="1"][style*="float: left;"],body.item-view .post-body-container .separator[style*="text-align: center"] a[imageanchor="1"][style*="float: right;"]{
margin-left:0!important;
margin-right:0!important
}
body.item-view .post-body-container .separator[style*="text-align: center"] a[imageanchor="1"][style*="float: left;"] img,body.item-view .post-body-container .separator[style*="text-align: center"] a[imageanchor="1"][style*="float: right;"] img{
max-width:100%
}
}
@media screen and (min-width:1620px){
.page{
float:left
}
.centered-top{
max-width:1600px;
padding:44px 456px 32px 136px
}
.sidebar-container{
box-shadow:none;
float:right;
max-width:320px;
z-index:32
}
.sidebar-container .navigation{
display:none
}
.hamburger-section,.sticky .hamburger-section{
display:none
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Structural Madness
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Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics Blog. Carry on the Madness
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Welcome To Structural Madness
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Structural Engineering is one of the most challenging engineering that one can experience. Undoubtedly building codes have made things much more easier but that is not the limit of this science, but in fact if goes even further.<br />
<br />
If you think about structural engineering and your first class of structural mechanics, you always wondered about behavior of materials under different loading, how does bending moment affect a structure and why is shear always so critical. You get pretty confused and always looked for a good source to read about some "intuitive structural engineering". I have suffered through such problems and so I started writing down blogs.<br />
<br />
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<br />
Generally all the blogs about structural engineering talk about design methodology and how building codes define certain things and stuff like that. Well, that is all empirical. But that is now what we will do over here. On this platform we will understand the intuitive portion of structural engineering and discuss at the very basic level. If your basics are clear then everything starts making sense.<br />
<br />
Would you like me to impress you with one basic example? So here it is, a basic concept of "Why development length is required in concrete structures?"<br />
<br />
<i>Let me give you the most simple example to explain the concept the development. Take your first finger and grab it in the palm of your other hand. Now pull the finger applying as much force as you can. At a certain limit your finger will slip and contact between finder and palm will break. But suppose if your finger is too long or the grip between the finger and the palm is immense such that if you pull your finger then the only way to get your other hand free is breaking up your finger. That is the base concept of development length.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>The bond between steel and concrete is somewhat similar. We cannot have a continuous bar of steel throughout the structure. There are always connections, joints and splices. If we do not provide development length, then at the location of these critical areas the structure will fail easily. But if we provide sufficient amount of length to give a continuity to the strength of the structure then the strength will be similar everywhere.&nbsp;</i><br />
<br />
This is how we are going to discuss structural engineering over here. Taking very basic cases and understanding and applying them to a structure without breaking the laws of physics. Once we have covered all these basic concepts, we will discuss about building codes and clauses, nonlinear response history analysis, different software to use in structural engineering, artificial intelligence and neural networks and programming in structural engineering.<br />
<br />
This is why the name of our blog is "Structural Madness". It clearly depicts the craziness towards the field. I do not consider this as my work, but instead as my hobby and passion.<br />
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So let's get started with our blog, shall we?</div>
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<div class="comment-thread toplevel-thread"><ol id="top-ra"><li class="comment" id="c5071592926375399535"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/18278725323904085689" rel="nofollow">John Smith</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">March 19, 2019 at 8:11&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Nice!!This blog is useful for us. <br><br>John Smith from<br>https://www.bci.edu.bd/</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="5071592926375399535">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-75333358"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/5071592926375399535">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c5071592926375399535-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c5071592926375399535-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c5071592926375399535-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="5071592926375399535">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c5071592926375399535-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c5797980047163830174"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/02646889983554536919" rel="nofollow">August Rustle</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">April 23, 2019 at 3:09&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Hi Jinal, I landed to your blog through your intuitive answers in Quora. I look forward to reading interesting stuffs. Have a great day !</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="5797980047163830174">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-954450767"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/5797980047163830174">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c5797980047163830174-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c5797980047163830174-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c5797980047163830174-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="5797980047163830174">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c5797980047163830174-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c9101334036238156401"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/04748957999152930754" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">May 26, 2019 at 10:31&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Hi jinal, i have completed my degree in 2016 and worked on site since them i wish to go on structural field but cannot figure out how should I. Hope you can help me </p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="9101334036238156401">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1254099003"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/9101334036238156401">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c9101334036238156401-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c9101334036238156401-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c9101334036238156401-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="9101334036238156401">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c9101334036238156401-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c6869428434852464763"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/14216048392412742021" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">July 23, 2019 at 4:05&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">My son is a 12 year old going into 7th grade and he is working on a science project that has to do with how high rise structures of different shapes react to wind loads. Would this be something you could advise him on and how a 7th grader could test? We have styrofoam structures roughly 3 feet tall by 1 ft wide in the shapes of a plus, a square, a star and a triangle. </p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="6869428434852464763">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1439226188"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/6869428434852464763">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c6869428434852464763-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c6869428434852464763-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div><li class="comment" id="c6408023716220565401"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/13884367180599111766" rel="nofollow">Jinal Doshi</a></cite><span class="icon user blog-author"></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">July 24, 2019 at 1:40&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Yes, of course. Just send us an email on structuralmadness(at)gmail(dot)com and we will be happy to help him out. Thanks</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1409157805"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/6408023716220565401">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c6408023716220565401-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c6408023716220565401-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c6408023716220565401-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="6408023716220565401">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c6408023716220565401-ce"></div></li></div><div id="c6869428434852464763-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="6869428434852464763">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c6869428434852464763-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c8193772437426606574"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/15966032388624160716" rel="nofollow">Akhil</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">September 22, 2019 at 3:42&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">It is interesting bro.. <br>can you please make a video about vibration analysis basics. <br>Vibrations and test in automobles also<br></p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="8193772437426606574">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1045322070"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/8193772437426606574">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c8193772437426606574-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c8193772437426606574-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c8193772437426606574-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="8193772437426606574">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c8193772437426606574-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c2111229137449004857"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/16263066468382257337" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">October 19, 2019 at 2:14&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Sir can you tell me which books should I refer to learn structural engineering from basic level and also to become perfect in it? </p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="2111229137449004857">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1806344403"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/2111229137449004857">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c2111229137449004857-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c2111229137449004857-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c2111229137449004857-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="2111229137449004857">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c2111229137449004857-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c6135827738514828760"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/15237059217543837347" rel="nofollow">Chirag Ramesh Gudhka</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">December 7, 2019 at 6:26&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">I am also aiming to do Masters in Structural Engineering and also have a blog on civil engineering and gives day to day info of this stream...<br>Blog: https://thecoreengineers.blogspot.com</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="6135827738514828760">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-286643729"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/6135827738514828760">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c6135827738514828760-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c6135827738514828760-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c6135827738514828760-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="6135827738514828760">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c6135827738514828760-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c7786322431174349869"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/05234773741369583032" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">June 17, 2020 at 1:06&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Hi Jinal,<br><br>I was very informative details about structural designing and structural engineering.<br>I really liked the way you explain about the steel and concrete.<br><br>Do write such awesome posts about structural designing.<br>I did come across as website that might be useful for your audience.<br><br>Procedure of building a House: https://architects4design.com<br><br>How to Calculate construction cost by using cost calculator tool: https://architects4design.com/cost-of-construction-in-bangalore/<br><br>Hope these two links will help your readers to know more related to architecture and especially the calculator which helps to calculate the cost.<br><br>Thnak you.<br><br></p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="7786322431174349869">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-233057483"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/7786322431174349869">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c7786322431174349869-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c7786322431174349869-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c7786322431174349869-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="7786322431174349869">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c7786322431174349869-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c1114379413446304856"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/17810463123575925230" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">June 18, 2020 at 7:38&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Hi Jinal,<br><br>I always find your topic intriguingly interesting. Can you advice me if there&#39;s a way to compute the vibration effect of pile driving to a house nearby? Hope to hear your exciting answer to this. Thanks. Be safe.</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1114379413446304856">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1425513258"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/1114379413446304856">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c1114379413446304856-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c1114379413446304856-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c1114379413446304856-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1114379413446304856">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c1114379413446304856-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c1403469343046430686"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/04493616334832436020" rel="nofollow">Jasmin Patel</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">July 17, 2020 at 3:42&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Hello I&#39;m structural engineering student and curious about dynamic behavior of structure, I have one question, <br>If we try to draw out relationships between height of buildings and magnitude of earthquake, <br>Higher the magnitude will leads to lower frequency and higher time periods, so Is it correct that high rise buildings are more vulnerable in high magnitude earthquakes because of resonance? Or we need to look forward to any other consideration before coming to that conclusion.</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1403469343046430686">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-58676681"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/1403469343046430686">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c1403469343046430686-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c1403469343046430686-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div><li class="comment" id="c934321458041916634"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/13884367180599111766" rel="nofollow">Jinal Doshi</a></cite><span class="icon user blog-author"></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">July 22, 2020 at 10:39&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Hello Jasmin, I think you have either read some incorrect information on relationship between building height and magnitude of earthquake. The frequency content of the ground motion depends on the distance of site from the fault, type of soil and fault directivity effects. It has hardly anything to do with the magnitude of earthquake. <br><br>Magnitude just describes the energy dissipated by the fault, in terms of fault length and ground motion duration.<br><br>Higher magnitude typically either is a direct result of long duration of earthquake or high PGAs and not the frequency content. A tall building is susceptible to both high as well as low frequency vibrations. Low frequency vibrations will lead to large displacement demands in the building while high frequency vibrations will lead to distortions as well as higher mode effects and increased floor accelerations in the tall buildings.<br><br>I hope this helps!</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1409157805"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/934321458041916634">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c934321458041916634-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c934321458041916634-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c934321458041916634-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="934321458041916634">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c934321458041916634-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c1349434727558145585"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/04493616334832436020" rel="nofollow">Jasmin Patel</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">July 23, 2020 at 11:16&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">thank you sir, this really helped.<br></p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-58676681"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/1349434727558145585">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c1349434727558145585-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c1349434727558145585-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c1349434727558145585-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1349434727558145585">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c1349434727558145585-ce"></div></li></div><div id="c1403469343046430686-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1403469343046430686">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c1403469343046430686-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c8842170670036941547"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/01265071117918168879" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">December 8, 2020 at 8:07&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">The example you gave is really madness but it works better than bookish language.</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="8842170670036941547">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-506889951"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/8842170670036941547">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c8842170670036941547-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c8842170670036941547-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c8842170670036941547-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="8842170670036941547">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c8842170670036941547-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c736441444262896350"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/10862217654348650133" rel="nofollow">Unknown</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">March 24, 2021 at 6:34&#8239;PM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">That&#39;s good work indeed. One item that is never really taught is the design of Structural systems for stability especially against lateral loading. Most texts jump straight into element design. Entry level engineers where I&#39;m from are good with member design but would have a tough time laying out the system as a whole.. Issues with column location selection usually arise. Hope you can cover this. </p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="736441444262896350">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-150278750"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/736441444262896350">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c736441444262896350-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c736441444262896350-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c736441444262896350-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="736441444262896350">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c736441444262896350-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c1803855885664467061"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDe2_qRhjKSH0CBSI0mmefRG3t_S9PeEefkO9pWbqFuOVlrXe-C-VRsO8HgSRH5Hbm4JekIAhw1dM46MXRQ8HEhXzJakCKUHIMinLc84HuCHwVhslTEnKv3_XWtl8IiNA/s45-c/image+2.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/12630703874095249932" rel="nofollow">Shreeji Steel Corporation</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">June 17, 2021 at 4:01&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Thanks for nice sharing<br></p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1803855885664467061">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1495745355"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/1803855885664467061">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c1803855885664467061-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c1803855885664467061-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c1803855885664467061-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="1803855885664467061">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c1803855885664467061-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c2487037082818614260"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/14784150267001318369" rel="nofollow">Civil Lead</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">September 29, 2021 at 11:22&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Great info, thanks for sharing it.</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="2487037082818614260">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1286178641"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/2487037082818614260">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c2487037082818614260-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c2487037082818614260-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c2487037082818614260-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="2487037082818614260">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c2487037082818614260-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c4821387601701281613"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDe2_qRhjKSH0CBSI0mmefRG3t_S9PeEefkO9pWbqFuOVlrXe-C-VRsO8HgSRH5Hbm4JekIAhw1dM46MXRQ8HEhXzJakCKUHIMinLc84HuCHwVhslTEnKv3_XWtl8IiNA/s45-c/image+2.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/12630703874095249932" rel="nofollow">Shreeji Steel Corporation</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">January 8, 2022 at 1:30&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Very informative post.</p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="4821387601701281613">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-1495745355"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/4821387601701281613">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c4821387601701281613-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c4821387601701281613-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c4821387601701281613-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="4821387601701281613">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c4821387601701281613-ce"></div></li><li class="comment" id="c4801403180803466389"><div class="avatar-image-container"><img src="//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png" alt=""/></div><div class="comment-block"><div class="comment-header"><cite class="user"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/05363607458686875273" rel="nofollow">Access Insurance Agency</a></cite><span class="icon user "></span><span class="datetime secondary-text"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.thestructuralmadness.com/p/home.html">March 23, 2022 at 1:07&#8239;AM</a></span></div><p class="comment-content">Thank you for sharing such as nice informative blog. Keep it sharing it will helpful for me. We are a Structural Engineering Design Consultancy based in Auckland, New Zealand. We carry out design and construction supervision services all around New Zealand. <br><a href="https://www.structural-engs.co.nz" rel="nofollow">Lightweight Structures Design</a></p><span class="comment-actions secondary-text"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="4801403180803466389">Reply</a><span class="item-control blog-admin blog-admin pid-686923581"><a target="_self" href="https://www.blogger.com/comment/delete/1365405595034914705/4801403180803466389">Delete</a></span></span></div><div class="comment-replies"><div id="c4801403180803466389-rt" class="comment-thread inline-thread hidden"><span class="thread-toggle thread-expanded"><span class="thread-arrow"></span><span class="thread-count"><a target="_self">Replies</a></span></span><ol id="c4801403180803466389-ra" class="thread-chrome thread-expanded"><div></div><div id="c4801403180803466389-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self" data-comment-id="4801403180803466389">Reply</a></div></ol></div></div><div class="comment-replybox-single" id="c4801403180803466389-ce"></div></li></ol><div id="top-continue" class="continue"><a class="comment-reply" target="_self">Add comment</a></div><div class="comment-replybox-thread" id="top-ce"></div><div class="loadmore hidden" data-post-id="4948384464522150316"><a target="_self">Load more...</a></div></div>
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In our previous blogs we discussed about&#160; Response Spectrum Analysis ,&#160; Earthquake and Energy Dissipation &#160;as well as&#160; Ductility demand in structures during seismic loading . In response spectrum analysis topics like mode shapes, modal mass participation factors, derivation of response spectrum we discussed. In earthquake vs energy dissipation blog, we talked about energy dissipated from buildings through strain energy, inelastic energy, hysteresis, damping and ductility. In ductility demand we discussed about importance of ductile detailing and how it helps a building to work during earthquakes just like a marathon runner during long runs.&#160; Generally inelastic energy dissipation, damping energy, ductility demand and ductility capacity, hysteresis loops are all captured when a nonlinear model is built, and time history analysis is performed for the structure. But to do nonlinear time history analysis, it takes a long time to build a model. The performance ...
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Ductility and elasticity,the two most important terms that are discussed frequently in structural engineering. Elasticity defines about how much the material is elastic, that is to which extent the deformations are proportional to the forces applied on the material. While ductility defines the capability of the material to get itself stretched beyond the elastic zone. Let me explain this by taking a real life example. Take a two different material, a rubber band and a very thin steel or copper wire.&#160; Pull the rubber with your hands by applying the force in exactly opposite direction, and force means a tiny amount of pull. You will notice that the mount of deformations caused by the small pull is very large, but when you leave the rubber band it will come back to it&#39;s original position. This means that the rubber band is elastic in nature. Oh, now you got something in your bucket. But wait, here comes the question. Till what magnitude of force can rubber band behave in such ...
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We, structural engineers design all the members of a building, whether it might be a column, beam, a tie member or a strut anything, but we design it to resist certain forces. We predict a load, calculate forces in different members and design them member to resist a particular load. But sometimes because of some undetermined or unpredicted load the forced in certain members increase to a value which it cannot withstand and the LObmember fails. But what are the different possibilities of failure? How can a member fail? Don&#39;t worry, here is what we are going to talk about. The possible types of failures in steel structures. Steel is a ductile material and to build a structure using steel is like setting up a huge Jigsaw puzzle. You have 1000 different members and you need to connect them and tada..!! Your structure is up. But it is not as simple as it is visible. Steel being a very strong material &#160;leads to slender members. Now you can imagine the difficulties associated with it...
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