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<h2 class="entry-title"><a href="/prostejshie-radiopriyomniki-i-radioperedatchiki/sxemy-predvaritelnyx-uvch.html" rel="bookmark">Схемы предварительных УВЧ</a></h2>
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<p><em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> В данной статье предлагается описание двух <strong>предварительных усилителей ВЧ</strong>, позволяющих <strong>повысить чувствительность приёмников</strong> прямого усиления (и не только их) и, таким образом, сделать возможным приём радиовещательных передач даже при значительном удалении от радиовещательных станций.</span></em><br>
<em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Усилитель</strong>, принципиальная схема которого показана на</span></em> <strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Рис.1</span></strong><em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">, выполнен на одном транзисторе. Высокочастотный сигнал со штыревой телескопической <strong>антенны W1</strong> через конденсатор С1 поступает на эмиттер этого транзистора, усиливается им и выделяется колебательным контуром L2C5.1C6. Через конденсатор С3 сигнал поступает далее на второй колебательный контур L3C5.2C7 и через катушку связи L4 подводится к базе транзистора <strong>апериодического</strong> <strong>усилителя ВЧ</strong> приёмника.</span></em></p>
<p><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="wp-image-99583 aligncenter" src="https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=411%2C293&ssl=1" alt="" width="411" height="293" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=300%2C214&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C731&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=768%2C548&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1097&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=2048%2C1462&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A7-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C857&ssl=1 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 411px) 85vw, 411px"><em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Высокочастотный дроссель L1 намотан на кольце 600НН-8-К7х4х2 и содержит 300 витков провода ПЭЛ 0,1. Катушки L2, L3, L4 намотаны на каркасах диаметром 7 мм. Для приёма программ радиовещательных станций длинноволнового диапазона катушки L2, L3 должны содержать по 200 витков провода ПЭЛШО 0,08, а L4 – 5 витков того же провода. Для приёма средневолновых станций число витков должно быть уменьшено соответственно до 150 и 3. Во всех катушках использованы подстроечники М6000НН-3-СС2,8Х12. <strong>Налаживание</strong> усилителя сводится к подбору резистора R2 с тем, чтобы напряжение между эмиттером и коллектором транзистора <strong>V1</strong> стало равным 3,5…3,8 В.</span></em></p>
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<p><em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Усилитель</strong> можно использовать в любом переносном супергетеродинным приёмнике. Особенно полезен он при эксплуатации такого приёмника в автомобиле (магнитная антенна внутри автомобиля работает очень плохо). Кстати, усилитель в этом случае можно существенно упростить, исключив конденсаторы С5 – С7 и катушки L3, L4 и заменив катушку L2 дросселем (таким же как и L1). Высокочастотный сигнал с конденсатора С3 будет поступать непосредственно на вход радиоприёмника.</span></em></p>
<p><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="wp-image-99584 aligncenter" src="https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=420%2C298&ssl=1" alt="" width="420" height="298" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=300%2C213&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=1024%2C727&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=768%2C546&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=1536%2C1091&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=2048%2C1455&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/admarkelov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%A3%D0%92%D0%A72.jpg?resize=1200%2C852&ssl=1 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 420px) 85vw, 420px"><br>
<em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Предварительный усилитель ВЧ</strong> по схеме, показанной на</span></em> <strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Рис.2</span></strong> <em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">имеет гораздо большее усиление, чем однотранзисторный. Выполнен он на основе каскодного усиления ОК-ОБ на транзисторах разной структуры V1, V2 с последовательным питанием. Усилитель хорошо работает как штыревой антенной длинной 40 … 80 см, так и с магнитной. Число витков катушки L1 не критично. Испытывалась магнитная антенна с катушками, содержащими 150 … 300 витков провода ПЭЛ 0,1, намотанных на ферритовом (400НН) стержне диаметром 8 и длинной 140 мм.</span></em><br>
<em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">При меньшем числе витков приёмник более чувствителен в области средних волн, при большем – длинных. Намоточные данные катушек L2 – L4 такие же, как и в однотранзисторном усилителе. Резистор R5 предотвращает самовозбуждение усилителя. Транзистор КТ358Б можно заменить на КТ315Б.</span></em><br>
<em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">При налаживании этого усилителя необходимо подобрать резисторы R1 и R3 так, чтобы напряжение между эмиттерами и коллекторами транзисторов стали одинаковыми (или у V2 больше, чем у V1 на 0,5 В больше, чем у V1) и составили 3 … 3,5 В.</span></em><br>
<em><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Оба усилителя рассчитаны на работу с радиоприёмниками, в которых минусовый вывод источника питания соединён с общим проводом. Если же в приёмнике с общим проводом соединён плюсовой вывод источника питания, в первом усилителе следует применить транзистор ГТ309Б и заново подобрать резистор R2, а во втором поменять местами транзисторы V1 и v2 и подобрать резисторы R1 и R3. Полярность включения источника питания в обоих усилителях следует изменить на обратную.</span></em></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Б. Ленкавский</span></strong></span><br>
<span style="font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">источник: ” РАДИО “, 08 – 1983, стр.32</span></strong></span></p>
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