Introduction Keeping an eye on who logs into your Linux server is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of your data. In this guide, we will explore several commands that can help you generate reports on login activities, enhancing your server’s security by spotting potential unauthorized access or other suspicious activities. Why Monitoring Login Activity is Important Monitoring who accesses your server and when is key to identifying potential security breaches and ensuring that only authorized users have access. This process is not only critical for security purposes but also helps in system management by providing insights into user behaviors and system usage patterns. Commands for Checking Login Activity To get started, here are some basic commands that you can use to view login activities on your Linux server: last Description: This command reads the /var/log/wtmp file where system login records are stored. It is useful for reviewing past login sessions. Example Comm

Introduction For Linux administrators and power users, sudo has long been the go-to command for executing operations that require root access. Despite its widespread use, sudo comes with security vulnerabilities and struggles to meet the demands of increasingly complex modern systems. A new tool, run0, steps in as a systemd-based alternative designed to enhance security and simplify privilege management. What is run0? run0 is an innovative utility anchored in the systemd framework, which forms the backbone of many Linux distributions. Contrasting with sudo's setuid-root model that introduces numerous security challenges, run0 utilizes systemd's native capabilities to handle privileges more securely and efficiently. Key Benefits of run0 Over Sudo Enhanced Security: run0 reduces the risks associated with privilege escalation by integrating tightly with systemd’s service management capabilities. This approach limits the scope of operations and the potential for security breaches.

 1. Introduction Begin with an engaging introduction that briefly explains what xrdp is and its relevance for Linux users seeking a remote desktop protocol solution. Include a keyword-rich overview of what the article will cover. 2. What is xrdp? Provide a detailed description of xrdp, including its functionality and benefits. Explain how xrdp serves as a bridge between Microsoft's RDP protocol and the X window system of Linux. 3. Installation Requirements for xrdp On Fedora : Start by updating your system: sudo dnf upgrade Install xrdp: sudo dnf install xrdp -y On Ubuntu : Start the xrdp service: sudo systemctl start xrdp Enable xrdp to start at boot: sudo systemctl enable xrdp Check the status of the xrdp service: sudo systemctl status xrdp Other RDP Clients Mention alternatives to xrdp that users might consider, such as: FreeRDP rdesktop Remmina KRDC 4. Configuring User Accounts for xrdp Explain the importance of setting up a dedicated user account for RDP sessions and provide c

In the dynamic world of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability within the HTTP/2 protocol has emerged, presenting a potent threat to web servers worldwide through Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. This article delves into the intricacies of the HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Flood, a technique capable of exploiting the CONTINUATION frame, uncovering a critical security oversight. Highlighting the findings of security researcher Bartek Nowotarski and the advisory from CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC), we explore the implications of this vulnerability and the measures needed to combat it. Understanding HTTP/2 Vulnerability Discovered by Bartek Nowotarski and reported to CERT/CC on January 25, 2024, the HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Flood vulnerability shines a light on a significant flaw in the protocol’s design. CERT/CC’s advisory on April 3, 2024, provided a detailed account of how attackers could exploit this vulnerability to initiate DoS attacks against unsuspecting web servers. Key Vulnerability Insights E

Introduction Navigating through the complexities of Linux pre-installation issues can be a daunting task for both new and seasoned users. Fortunately, a wide array of diagnostic tools is available to help identify and resolve these problems efficiently. This article delves into the essential tools that should be in every Linux user's arsenal for a smooth pre-installation experience. From system monitoring to network analysis and hardware inspection, we cover the tools that will empower you to tackle pre-installation challenges head-on. 1. Procps - The Process Viewer Suite Procps is a collection of command-line tools that provide information about processes running on your Linux system. It includes vital utilities such as ps, top, vmstat, and w, which are indispensable for monitoring system activity and resource usage. Before installing Linux, checking the current system's health with Procps tools can help identify processes that may interfere with the installation. 2. Util-lin

Changing the group ownership of files and directories in Linux is an essential task for managing file access among different users. This guide will introduce you to the chgrp command, explain how to use it, and provide practical examples. Understanding the chgrp Command In Linux, files and directories are assigned an owner and a group. The file's owner manages its contents, while the group ownership determines the file's access permissions for group members. The chgrp command is a tool for modifying the group associated with a file or directory. How to Use the chgrp Command for Changing Group Ownership To modify the group ownership of a file or directory with the chgrp command, here’s what you need to do: Open your Linux system's terminal or shell. Use the chgrp command with the following syntax: chgrp [OPTIONS] GROUP FILE Replace GROUP with the target group name and FILE with the file or directory whose group ownership you wish to change. Key Options for the chgrp Command

 In this tutorial, we will Install Adminer on Ubuntu.  Adminer is a database management tool that allows you to mangage multiple types of databases.  It is similar to other tools such as phpMyAdmin and offers features such as data browsing, editing, and SQL command execution.  You can download the latest version of Adminer from the official website at https://www.adminer.org /. To install Adminer on Ubuntu, you can follow these steps: How does Adminer work ? Adminer works by providing a web-based interface for managing databases. When you access Adminer through a web browser, it connects to the specified database and displays a set of tools for managing the data and structure of the database. Some of the main features of Adminer include: Data browsing: Adminer allows you to view and search through the data in the tables of your database, including the ability to sort and filter the data. Data editing: You can use Adminer to add, edit, and delete records in your database tables, as well

Introduction In this tutorial, How to check Disk is SSD or HDD on Linux . Solid-state drives (SSDs) are fast, silent, and less prone to failure than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). HDD store information on a rotating disk known as a platter SSD use flash memory to store and persist data. lsblk Command: Purpose: Lists all available block devices along with detailed information. Output Details: Displays device names, mount points, size, and type. Use Case: Helps system administrators quickly overview the system's disk layout. Options: Offers options to include or exclude specific details or device types. cat Command: Purpose: Displays the content of files or concatenates files. Primary Use: Commonly used to view contents of small files. Concatenation: Can merge several files into one, e.g., cat file1 file2 > combinedfile. Flexibility: Useful for displaying file contents quickly or for file manipulation. Using lsblk command to check HDD or SSD lsblk -o name,rota | tail If you

In this tutorial, we'll explore the installation and utilization of the 'htop' command in Linux . Htop is a powerful and user-friendly command-line tool that provides an interactive process viewer, allowing users to monitor system resources and manage processes with ease. Let's delve into the steps for installing and leveraging this handy utility.   Install htop command Linux in Linux If your use Debian/Ubuntu, The following command line below: sudo apt install htop or, If your use Fedora/RHEL/CentOS sudo dnf install htop One your done with the installation, In the terminal the basic you use htop command CPU usage bar     Memory bar Green : Memory being utilized by system processes. Blue : Memory used by buffer pages. Orange : Memory allocated for cache pages. Sort processes based on Resource Consumption  Press F6 as the picture below: Search for a specific process Press F3 and you a search prompt as show below: Filter ongoing processes Press F4 and you a search prompt