Ads.txt Alerts - Protect your revenue

skepticsfieldguide.net Ads.txt file

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class='v2' dir='ltr' lang='en-GB'>
<head>
<link href='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/573632073-css_bundle_v2.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/>
<meta content='width=1100' name='viewport'/>
<meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'/>
<meta content='blogger' name='generator'/>
<link href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/favicon.ico' rel='icon' type='image/x-icon'/>
<link href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/' rel='canonical'/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="The Skeptic's Field Guide - Atom" href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/feeds/posts/default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Skeptic's Field Guide - RSS" href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss" />
<link rel="service.post" type="application/atom+xml" title="The Skeptic's Field Guide - Atom" href="https://www.blogger.com/feeds/9617943/posts/default" />
<link rel="me" href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777" />

<meta content='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/' property='og:url'/>
<meta content='The Skeptic's Field Guide' property='og:title'/>
<meta content='A site for skeptics and critical thinkers. Hundreds of real life examples of fallacies, updated regularly. An eBook version of Humbug! The skeptics’ field guide to spotting fallacies in thinking. A weekly podcast on each fallacy: Hunting Humbug 101 – a crash course in shooting down bad arguments. We take fallacies seriously, but not ourselves.' property='og:description'/>
<title>The Skeptic's Field Guide</title>
<style id='page-skin-1' type='text/css'></style>
<style id='template-skin-1' type='text/css'></style>
<link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=9617943&zx=a35eaedd-7408-47bd-a454-63facdfbc43a' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=9617943&zx=a35eaedd-7408-47bd-a454-63facdfbc43a' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript>
<meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/>
<meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/>



<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
// Supply ads personalization default for EEA readers
// See https://www.blogger.com/go/adspersonalization
adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || [];
if (typeof adsbygoogle.requestNonPersonalizedAds === 'undefined') {
adsbygoogle.requestNonPersonalizedAds = 1;
}
</script>

</head>
<body class='loading variant-shade'>
<div class='navbar no-items section' id='navbar' name='Navbar'>
</div>
<div itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Blog' style='display: none;'>
<meta content='The Skeptic's Field Guide' itemprop='name'/>
</div>
<div class='body-fauxcolumns'>
<div class='fauxcolumn-outer body-fauxcolumn-outer'>
<div class='cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-inner'>
</div>
</div>
<div class='cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='content'>
<div class='content-fauxcolumns'>
<div class='fauxcolumn-outer content-fauxcolumn-outer'>
<div class='cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-inner'>
</div>
</div>
<div class='cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='content-outer'>
<div class='content-cap-top cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left content-fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right content-fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='content-inner'>
<header>
<div class='header-outer'>
<div class='header-cap-top cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left header-fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right header-fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='region-inner header-inner'>
<div class='header section' id='header' name='Header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'>
<div id='header-inner'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/' style='display: block'>
<img alt='The Skeptic's Field Guide' height='250px; ' id='Header1_headerimg' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHU_0fWzEDmvsfaVfqIoK0IGbuiZm8YUdK22v3U6jrcAhac8H0g5BCmJ8Z6NSQSaenoI25SH07gn31aLl3GM3PUFw-Yl6qbacR9JXVKxEiRYH2EoIfUU-67IPUxHUMbAC1jT8D/s930/Banner.png' style='display: block' width='930px; '/>
</a>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='header-cap-bottom cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class='tabs-outer'>
<div class='tabs-cap-top cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left tabs-fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right tabs-fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='region-inner tabs-inner'>
<div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol' name='Cross-column'></div>
<div class='tabs section' id='crosscol-overflow' name='Cross-Column 2'><div class='widget PageList' data-version='1' id='PageList1'>
<h2>Pages</h2>
<div class='widget-content'>
<ul>
<li class='selected'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/'>Home</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/ebook.html'>eBook</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='http://huntinghumbug101.blogspot.com.au/'>Podcast</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/fallacy-list.html'>Fallacy list</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/humbug-hunting.html'>Humbug hunting</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/jefs-cartoons.html'>Jef's cartoons</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/other-sites.html'>Other sites</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='tabs-cap-bottom cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='main-outer'>
<div class='main-cap-top cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left main-fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right main-fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='region-inner main-inner'>
<div class='columns fauxcolumns'>
<div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-center-outer'>
<div class='cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-inner'>
</div>
</div>
<div class='cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-left-outer'>
<div class='cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-inner'>
</div>
</div>
<div class='cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-right-outer'>
<div class='cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='fauxcolumn-inner'>
</div>
</div>
<div class='cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>

<div class='columns-inner'>
<div class='column-center-outer'>
<div class='column-center-inner'>
<div class='main section' id='main' name='Main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'>
<div class='blog-posts hfeed'>

<div class="date-outer">

<h2 class='date-header'><span>Thursday, January 19, 2023</span></h2>

<div class="date-posts">

<div class='post-outer'>
<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'>
<meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgAEsCeEt2OcQtpbi3L8MxQen5k6iFvCy3OZwsI-Y357ly5su6ZmI8mPQihr7fSk8HZ9iJcEc9V-6ffB36fzi6aTUHrtuFALsj8btZx7IECkNjRkaWWKbddDqDxm51M1WC5x43EJGq4DLUwdLwUbvfuDFdPtdigmOCnofkbcS-9ZGm9rLsypQ=w640-h624' itemprop='image_url'/>
<meta content='9617943' itemprop='blogId'/>
<meta content='4245067288871306523' itemprop='postId'/>
<a name='4245067288871306523'></a>
<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2023/01/can-chatgpt-be-used-for-teaching.html'>Can ChatGPT be used for teaching critical thinking and informal logical fallacies?</a>
</h3>
<div class='post-header'>
<div class='post-header-line-1'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-4245067288871306523' itemprop='description articleBody'>
<p>It's been a while since I last wrote a blog post, but with all the recent media attention (and my own interest), I thought it would be interesting to share some of my results in using ChatGPT. Specifically, using it to replicate the things that this blog, a book and podcast did regularly, back when blogs were big and podcasts were small.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">What is ChatGPT and how could it assist in teaching critical thinking and analysing arguments?</h4><p>Unless you've been a participant in the series 'Alone' since December last year, you've probably heard about ChatGPT, the cutting-edge language model developed by OpenAI that utilises deep learning techniques to generate human-like text. The recently media attention has highlighted its potential to revolutionise various industries and applications, including education. While there are plenty of potential challenges of AI in education, an interesting application of this technology is its potential to help teach critical thinking, informal logical fallacies, and how to analysise/improve arguments.</p><p>ChatGPT can be used to generate realistic examples of common logical fallacies and explain where the argument goes wrong. This can help students develop the skills necessary to recognize and avoid these fallacies in their own arguments and in the arguments of others. For example, it can generate a statement like "Vaccines cause autism" which is (sadly) a common logical fallacy called <a href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/01/examples-of-false-cause-correlation.html">False Cause</a>. </p><p>Additionally, ChatGPT can be used to analyse and evaluate arguments by generating counterarguments and identifying any weak points in the reasoning. For example, it can be used to evaluate an argument in favor of increasing the minimum wage, by generating counterarguments such as "increase in minimum wage would lead to inflation" or "small businesses would suffer" and help students identify any weak points in the reasoning.</p><p>You can also use ChatGPT to facilitate discussions and debates by generating thought-provoking questions and prompts. For example, it can generate a question like "Should the government regulate social media to combat misinformation?" this can help students to consider different perspectives and to develop their own critical thinking skills.</p><p>Overall, ChatGPT has the potential to be a valuable tool for teaching critical thinking, informal logical fallacies and to analyse people's arguments. Despite concerns about the potential challenges of AI in education, the technology holds a lot of potential in various fields. As the technology continues to improve, it will likely become an even more powerful tool for educators and students alike.</p><p>Hopefully anyone who has played around with ChatGPT has reaslised by now that most the above is a copy and paste from ChatGPT. It's too well written to be me (and it's kind of boring and lacks my use of irony or references to TV shows). </p><p>See below for my initial few prompts and its response.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgAEsCeEt2OcQtpbi3L8MxQen5k6iFvCy3OZwsI-Y357ly5su6ZmI8mPQihr7fSk8HZ9iJcEc9V-6ffB36fzi6aTUHrtuFALsj8btZx7IECkNjRkaWWKbddDqDxm51M1WC5x43EJGq4DLUwdLwUbvfuDFdPtdigmOCnofkbcS-9ZGm9rLsypQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1477" data-original-width="1517" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgAEsCeEt2OcQtpbi3L8MxQen5k6iFvCy3OZwsI-Y357ly5su6ZmI8mPQihr7fSk8HZ9iJcEc9V-6ffB36fzi6aTUHrtuFALsj8btZx7IECkNjRkaWWKbddDqDxm51M1WC5x43EJGq4DLUwdLwUbvfuDFdPtdigmOCnofkbcS-9ZGm9rLsypQ=w640-h624" width="640" /></a></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Using ChatGPT to generate an explanation for concept, such as an informal logical fallacy.</h4><div>My next step was to get it to explain a fallacy.<p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2gW2vwnnQuHVzs2bHjJTMj46pIXnDJd907YKRM_b4BSnzCyFCGIIjinCzsKL1wlkxOCdaVUlygKsyJtcFJ7wAPDz6imD3h_aG5vvpUfeMYVpTWS2XVqgr2f0y5ticev0420l5cTP9sTRUdzd-g2JV-4xupAMHKVFoMdFM3b2lHx6Umr96wQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1320" data-original-width="1347" height="627" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2gW2vwnnQuHVzs2bHjJTMj46pIXnDJd907YKRM_b4BSnzCyFCGIIjinCzsKL1wlkxOCdaVUlygKsyJtcFJ7wAPDz6imD3h_aG5vvpUfeMYVpTWS2XVqgr2f0y5ticev0420l5cTP9sTRUdzd-g2JV-4xupAMHKVFoMdFM3b2lHx6Umr96wQ=w640-h627" width="640" /></a></div><br />As Larry David would say, pretty, pretty, good. </div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;">Using ChatGPT to analyse an argument.</h4><p></p><p>I then decided to see how it would go assisting me in analysing text for fallacies, which is pretty much the entirety of this blog. So I tested ChatGPT against some text from this post: <a href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/04/no-conflict-here-just-scientists-doing.html ">No conflict here, just scientists doing their jobs - you know - science</a>. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEit8POVI9gzzSVyT7SJ4j2JOY3iGiTxJi_xjcnCsOPA9ZbWUSVRJT92UkXFzyKb4AulFook0YGtdB7_pH7b3uVk2-2YACsOl2VFG0HKjxUDtop5CtoCoUXVYucfA22maF2_n62sYMTDatjwrUm9uHNnFwL7dB9lYMQX0fdDFXDM_uuL30Nm5Q" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="828" data-original-width="825" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEit8POVI9gzzSVyT7SJ4j2JOY3iGiTxJi_xjcnCsOPA9ZbWUSVRJT92UkXFzyKb4AulFook0YGtdB7_pH7b3uVk2-2YACsOl2VFG0HKjxUDtop5CtoCoUXVYucfA22maF2_n62sYMTDatjwrUm9uHNnFwL7dB9lYMQX0fdDFXDM_uuL30Nm5Q=w637-h640" width="637" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWUFmy37NEWoL8Qnv3GJ2kS6s-645vULhg4DCVZmHN5tI7LqBlO4jbA7P0QsZnWm2LIlINcDK_DR60kP7bRQJt2B-Q06368MkrdCLmUuXKJOdUYfRz0j5iO831-SUd9gQ8tnPiceTBS54CqkSoa1zdQHsyA86Hk6wkse8TpQvllTeBdBwgXQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="842" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWUFmy37NEWoL8Qnv3GJ2kS6s-645vULhg4DCVZmHN5tI7LqBlO4jbA7P0QsZnWm2LIlINcDK_DR60kP7bRQJt2B-Q06368MkrdCLmUuXKJOdUYfRz0j5iO831-SUd9gQ8tnPiceTBS54CqkSoa1zdQHsyA86Hk6wkse8TpQvllTeBdBwgXQ=w640-h240" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div>Okay, I told it to look for a particular fallacy. So how about just looking for them in general?<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdUNC1Fi_6c1FX4HWvBlSOEPfzMzlAmTifbUhUvAHtTJsVIwQ100BSShdK9nTt07HLTAai0ZRZLybCupHo678qMXWVwKgAVAjHsJM5ePN2m8nVRQw40eu8v-YDAELbw22axcv78H38lByzbhQEX3ZBy9haq8P8jGQS7bnrIx3tECJNQTdnLQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="828" height="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdUNC1Fi_6c1FX4HWvBlSOEPfzMzlAmTifbUhUvAHtTJsVIwQ100BSShdK9nTt07HLTAai0ZRZLybCupHo678qMXWVwKgAVAjHsJM5ePN2m8nVRQw40eu8v-YDAELbw22axcv78H38lByzbhQEX3ZBy9haq8P8jGQS7bnrIx3tECJNQTdnLQ=w640-h602" width="640" /></a></div><br />And then again for another bit of text from the blog post:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPZqGbQiikU8nrhg6Tq8LVQqXxNta5GEqmypKVmNruMrlhd5IjdFV3i7OsBfmh4n2SXI9VC6eid1kn5pNOifCmKhuEKsAsTbTIEyjvi7TdzCJXFQRhqJ_ERYIhXkNtVovHnxntsm5YdfFYak2VKMke4LFmBqisHA0pEsB7Hessbo1NWlECEg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="705" data-original-width="803" height="563" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPZqGbQiikU8nrhg6Tq8LVQqXxNta5GEqmypKVmNruMrlhd5IjdFV3i7OsBfmh4n2SXI9VC6eid1kn5pNOifCmKhuEKsAsTbTIEyjvi7TdzCJXFQRhqJ_ERYIhXkNtVovHnxntsm5YdfFYak2VKMke4LFmBqisHA0pEsB7Hessbo1NWlECEg=w640-h563" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div>It's certainly not perfect, and I've found other examples when ChatGPT is completely wrong, but as an assistant and teaching tool it already has a lot of potential. Just as with Wikipedia for doing research, a good starting point for a topic or constructing (or destructing) an argument, but not an endpoint.  </div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOrbgv6gWvGALaxhy8E_fQB1_sLH1hCvS8AQfK3KkqygDfpkuHB76aFjKd-1Sk4e_IPcasOczZmPIBS7t_imj2QYrhzqzISrAbrBrHOrxGVaDgxZWG84APpO2O2McsLOIVoqgoF6olyCBbe6rP3HWu0vAbOYlbGQSdPKUSTdMog76X2KXyJw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="705" data-original-width="837" height="539" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOrbgv6gWvGALaxhy8E_fQB1_sLH1hCvS8AQfK3KkqygDfpkuHB76aFjKd-1Sk4e_IPcasOczZmPIBS7t_imj2QYrhzqzISrAbrBrHOrxGVaDgxZWG84APpO2O2McsLOIVoqgoF6olyCBbe6rP3HWu0vAbOYlbGQSdPKUSTdMog76X2KXyJw=w640-h539" width="640" /></a></div>We said in the introduction to <i><a href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/ebook.html">Humbug!</a></i>, that the book: </div><div></div><blockquote><div><i>...is more a tool to consult as the occasion demands, rather than a book to read in a linear fashion. You may find it to be a useful resource for those occasions when you read or hear a suspect statement or claim, and want to identify the flawed reasoning in the assertion.</i></div></blockquote><div>If I ever do a 3rd Edition I'd probably update this point to suggest running the suspect statement or claim through ChatGPT or an equivalent AI, and then checking its output against an authoritative source. Speaking of which (and as an aside) I just realised that according to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headlines">Betteridge's law</a> and my headline, all of the above is wrong.</div></div>
<div style='clear: both;'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer'>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'>
<span class='post-author vcard'>
Posted by
<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>
<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' rel='author' title='author profile'>
<span itemprop='name'>Theo Clark</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class='post-timestamp'>
at
<meta content='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2023/01/can-chatgpt-be-used-for-teaching.html' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='timestamp-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2023/01/can-chatgpt-be-used-for-teaching.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2023-01-19T21:00:00+10:00'>9:00 pm</abbr></a>
</span>
<span class='post-comment-link'>
</span>
<span class='post-icons'>
<span class='item-action'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/9617943/4245067288871306523' title='Email Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
<span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1579913983'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9617943&postID=4245067288871306523&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'>
<a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=4245067288871306523&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=4245067288871306523&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=4245067288871306523&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=4245067288871306523&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=4245067288871306523&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'>
<span class='post-labels'>
Labels:
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Burden%20of%20Proof' rel='tag'>Burden of Proof</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Critical%20Thinking' rel='tag'>Critical Thinking</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Education' rel='tag'>Education</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Technology' rel='tag'>Technology</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'>
<span class='post-location'>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</div></div>

<div class="date-outer">

<h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, August 24, 2020</span></h2>

<div class="date-posts">

<div class='post-outer'>
<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'>
<meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3tfLWZneWVXb0klk6s1xXKccdZVNk3FGVqz2F7SLilCJ_OLx86D-rHGG1STCEedj-eg1YwMK9ssI76pqwJpiuAhESIdUgYqmxokhLvTmdZ9wRJau68OZQAaisej0FgsIHHZDC/w410-h402/FB_IMG_1595857037412.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/>
<meta content='9617943' itemprop='blogId'/>
<meta content='3755575069665619280' itemprop='postId'/>
<a name='3755575069665619280'></a>
<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/valuing-scientific-expertise.html'>Valuing scientific expertise</a>
</h3>
<div class='post-header'>
<div class='post-header-line-1'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-3755575069665619280' itemprop='description articleBody'>
<p>This is the second of two posts that go hand-in-hand. The <a href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/thinking-about-thinking.html" target="_blank">first post</a> is a brief overview of some important concepts and well established results of psychology that help me think about my thinking. This second post is about valuing scientific expertise and why our non-expert default position should be to believe scientific consensuses, or at the very least, to be comfortable in saying, "I don't know".  </p><p><span style="color: #2e75b5;">You are not an expert (and neither am I) </span></p><p>As Socrates is said to have said, wisdom is knowing that you don't know. A big part of critical thinking is intellectual humility. While it is possible to become an expert at something, it takes years and years of training in a discipline. Think about something that for you this applies to. Think about all the time, hard work, practice and dedication that it took to earn that expertise. Think about all the mistakes you learned from and the pitfalls you now know how to avoid, On that one thing you're probably pretty safe talking at length about all that you know. And when you meet other experts, they can easily recognise you know what you're doing or talking about. </p><p>Now think about non-experts and novices trying to talk to you about it. How much credit do you give their views? Well, that's you (and me) when it comes to every other field of human endeavour. It's the ultimate form of arrogant <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/perfectly-confident/201801/overconfidence" target="_blank">overconfidence</a> to assume your opinion on a subject that you don’t have expertise in has much, if any, merit. And when you dismiss expert consensus out-of-hand, by definition, your dismissal of something you know nothing about is worthless. In fact, it says everything about you and nothing about the experts or their view(s). Imagine a non-expert novice dismissing your views out of hand when discussing a subject you are an expert in? </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span lang="" style="color: #2e75b5; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Scientific (and expert) consensus<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A scientific consensus is more than scientists within a field</span><span lang="" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">being surveyed for their beliefs or tallying their views in research papers. It relates to what the researchers in a field are interested in studying and why. When there is a question to be answered or a problem to be solved, they'll be researching it and arguing about it</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">; i.e. doing science</span><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">. But when a question is answered to sufficient satisfaction, e.g. anthropogenic climate change, evolution by natural selection or the second law of thermodynamics, there is little or no incentive to keep researching this question — it's done. Scientists operate within well-established paradigms for a reason — they're well established based on the convergence of theory with data.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span></span></span></p>
<div style='clear: both;'></div>
</div>
<div class='jump-link'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/valuing-scientific-expertise.html#more' title='Valuing scientific expertise'>Read more »</a>
</div>
<div class='post-footer'>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'>
<span class='post-author vcard'>
Posted by
<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>
<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' rel='author' title='author profile'>
<span itemprop='name'>Theo Clark</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class='post-timestamp'>
at
<meta content='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/valuing-scientific-expertise.html' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='timestamp-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/valuing-scientific-expertise.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2020-08-24T07:00:00+10:00'>7:00 am</abbr></a>
</span>
<span class='post-comment-link'>
</span>
<span class='post-icons'>
<span class='item-action'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/9617943/3755575069665619280' title='Email Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
<span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1579913983'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9617943&postID=3755575069665619280&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'>
<a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=3755575069665619280&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=3755575069665619280&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=3755575069665619280&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=3755575069665619280&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=3755575069665619280&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'>
<span class='post-labels'>
Labels:
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/by%20Theo' rel='tag'>by Theo</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Conspiracy%20Theories' rel='tag'>Conspiracy Theories</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Critical%20Thinking' rel='tag'>Critical Thinking</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Exaggerated%20Conflict' rel='tag'>Exaggerated Conflict</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Philosophy' rel='tag'>Philosophy</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/science' rel='tag'>science</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'>
<span class='post-location'>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</div></div>

<div class="date-outer">

<h2 class='date-header'><span>Friday, August 21, 2020</span></h2>

<div class="date-posts">

<div class='post-outer'>
<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'>
<meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnwVQ0ntplZJBbonxhz5Hz10Fk8SZZJin8qoVASvD9L_nXUN29cu1uRbDZ4gubGrx4S8VvoufxvQouzZi32kWmkpnN5n7A1wkJof9tuCqvVsDV8GGiFRdBIBOqQyBK-UKhb8pe/w280-h320/nnxl32cq8ox41.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/>
<meta content='9617943' itemprop='blogId'/>
<meta content='7146875990085538022' itemprop='postId'/>
<a name='7146875990085538022'></a>
<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/thinking-about-thinking.html'>Thinking about thinking </a>
</h3>
<div class='post-header'>
<div class='post-header-line-1'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7146875990085538022' itemprop='description articleBody'>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">This is the first of a planned two posts that I've been mulling over and sporadically writing notes to myself about over the last year or so. This first post is a very brief overview of some important concepts and well established results of psychology that help me think about my thinking. The <a href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/valuing-scientific-expertise.html" target="_blank">second post</a> is about valuing scientific expertise and why our non-expert default position should be to believe scientific consensuses, or at the very least, to be comfortable in saying, "I don't know". Both include a lot of links to further reading and learning if you're so inclined.  </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #2e75b5;">Why?</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Since
the ascendancy of Donald Trump to the White House, and now with the coronavirus pandemic, I've noticed a lot of weird beliefs and thinking take hold
across social media. Common to these groups is the idea that "the
media" and other non-specific all-powerful groups or people (the
"deep state", Bill Gates) are manipulating us with their "fake news",
false narratives and sinister motives; that scientists and so-called "experts" can't be trusted. Unlike me, this new group of free and
critical thinking peoples see the truth; the scales have fallen from their eyes
(not that they are being <a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/06/16/878169027/study-exposes-russia-disinformation-campaign-that-operated-in-the-shadows-for-6-" target="_blank">manipulated by an authoritarian dictator</a> and a <a href="https://fortune.com/2020/04/09/5g-coronavirus-conspiracy-theory-disinformation-campaign/" target="_blank">disinformation campaign</a></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">). I, on the other hand, as someone who tends to take experts and journalists who have a proven track record at face value, am one of the “sheeple”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnwVQ0ntplZJBbonxhz5Hz10Fk8SZZJin8qoVASvD9L_nXUN29cu1uRbDZ4gubGrx4S8VvoufxvQouzZi32kWmkpnN5n7A1wkJof9tuCqvVsDV8GGiFRdBIBOqQyBK-UKhb8pe/s750/nnxl32cq8ox41.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="656" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnwVQ0ntplZJBbonxhz5Hz10Fk8SZZJin8qoVASvD9L_nXUN29cu1uRbDZ4gubGrx4S8VvoufxvQouzZi32kWmkpnN5n7A1wkJof9tuCqvVsDV8GGiFRdBIBOqQyBK-UKhb8pe/w280-h320/nnxl32cq8ox41.jpg" width="280"></a></div><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br></span><p></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Arguing
with people who have fallen down the YouTube and Facebook rabbit hole about
their specific beliefs and claims is exhausting and <a href="https://youarenotsosmart.com/2011/06/10/the-backfire-effect/" target="_blank">likely to backfire</a></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">. As such, I
thought I'd take a different tack and discuss how I think about critical
thinking vs non-critical and pseudo-critical thinking, and the importance of
valuing expertise. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">If I have sent you a link to this post, it's because I know
I won't convince you about whatever it is we're disagreeing about. I'm not even
going to try. </span>Forget
about whatever it was we were discussing as it’s not specific to what follows. What
I hope to do is to show how I think about any claim, how I try to reflect
on my own thinking (I'm not always successful), and in another post, why I think we should all
value and respect expertise. </p><p></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #2e75b5;">Critical thinking vs non-critical
and pseudo-critical thinking<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">First,
I think it's important to distinguish between the three different modes of
thinking that </span>to some degree we all use to come to a point of view — critical thinking, non-critical thinking (see <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/kahneman-excerpt-thinking-fast-and-slow/" target="_blank">Kahneman's slow and fast thinking</a>) and pseudo-critical
thinking.<span></span></p>
<div style='clear: both;'></div>
</div>
<div class='jump-link'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/thinking-about-thinking.html#more' title='Thinking about thinking '>Read more »</a>
</div>
<div class='post-footer'>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'>
<span class='post-author vcard'>
Posted by
<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>
<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' rel='author' title='author profile'>
<span itemprop='name'>Theo Clark</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class='post-timestamp'>
at
<meta content='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/thinking-about-thinking.html' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='timestamp-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/thinking-about-thinking.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2020-08-21T07:38:00+10:00'>7:38 am</abbr></a>
</span>
<span class='post-comment-link'>
</span>
<span class='post-icons'>
<span class='item-action'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/9617943/7146875990085538022' title='Email Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
<span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1579913983'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9617943&postID=7146875990085538022&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'>
<a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=7146875990085538022&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=7146875990085538022&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=7146875990085538022&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=7146875990085538022&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=7146875990085538022&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'>
<span class='post-labels'>
Labels:
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Climate%20Change' rel='tag'>Climate Change</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Cognitive%20biases' rel='tag'>Cognitive biases</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Conspiracy%20Theories' rel='tag'>Conspiracy Theories</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Critical%20Thinking' rel='tag'>Critical Thinking</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Education' rel='tag'>Education</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/epistemology' rel='tag'>epistemology</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Facebook' rel='tag'>Facebook</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Fallacy' rel='tag'>Fallacy</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Neuroscience' rel='tag'>Neuroscience</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Non-sequitur' rel='tag'>Non-sequitur</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Philosophy' rel='tag'>Philosophy</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Politics' rel='tag'>Politics</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Pseudoscience' rel='tag'>Pseudoscience</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Skepticism' rel='tag'>Skepticism</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Substitution' rel='tag'>Substitution</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'>
<span class='post-location'>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</div></div>

<div class="date-outer">

<h2 class='date-header'><span>Saturday, November 23, 2019</span></h2>

<div class="date-posts">

<div class='post-outer'>
<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'>
<meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi81j-ClWz_HlZ85afjOmClikfOUFpfXs3Sw-8w8VE521mH8iWppasIvp4o-fA-v8zOLPKvT-UzIt9PZl4EGp7wESMG2PsIhddARD_D-Mp1SMHELwNh64BCIuewWezRzgzp9XURmw/s640/01.png' itemprop='image_url'/>
<meta content='9617943' itemprop='blogId'/>
<meta content='168290254748562954' itemprop='postId'/>
<a name='168290254748562954'></a>
<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2019/11/conservative-bias-about-leftist-bias.html'>Conservative bias about 'leftist bias'</a>
</h3>
<div class='post-header'>
<div class='post-header-line-1'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-168290254748562954' itemprop='description articleBody'>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The ABC recently published an article <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-22/teachers-schools-lashed-as-conservatives-fear-leftist-agenda/11648892" target="_blank">Teachers, schools in firing line as conservatives rail against 'leftist agenda'</a>,  based on their Australia Talks National Survey. The crux of the piece is that: 'One Nation voters are turning on the mainstream education system as conservatives across the country express a deep mistrust of what they say is a "leftist agenda" taking over the classroom.'<br />
<br />
There's nothing wrong with the story <i>per se</i>, but the headline and associated graphs they use send a <a href="https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/01/examples-of-misuse-of-information.html">misleading message</a>. They show the satisfaction of voters of different parties with the education system and with teachers.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi81j-ClWz_HlZ85afjOmClikfOUFpfXs3Sw-8w8VE521mH8iWppasIvp4o-fA-v8zOLPKvT-UzIt9PZl4EGp7wESMG2PsIhddARD_D-Mp1SMHELwNh64BCIuewWezRzgzp9XURmw/s1600/01.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi81j-ClWz_HlZ85afjOmClikfOUFpfXs3Sw-8w8VE521mH8iWppasIvp4o-fA-v8zOLPKvT-UzIt9PZl4EGp7wESMG2PsIhddARD_D-Mp1SMHELwNh64BCIuewWezRzgzp9XURmw/s640/01.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjLkwZMUBfl_8IKIEpcW0PQMg_Eg-mdIPtr3a47dyfHudSU90KVW_k3xFyLghyiXuqj3m8dLnzyQHPrjrGW83-BTKS-EuNJEo7xGbK-7xht4BsEPbHwXLO1pKLaSJ7VBSv02GvCQ/s1600/02.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1015" data-original-width="1600" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjLkwZMUBfl_8IKIEpcW0PQMg_Eg-mdIPtr3a47dyfHudSU90KVW_k3xFyLghyiXuqj3m8dLnzyQHPrjrGW83-BTKS-EuNJEo7xGbK-7xht4BsEPbHwXLO1pKLaSJ7VBSv02GvCQ/s640/02.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
However, they are out of 100% for each party, thus greatly 'biasing' the results for parties that have a small number of voters. Consider the sizes of the orange columns, which belong to One Nation, who nationally <a href="https://results.aec.gov.au/20499/Website/HouseStateFirstPrefsByParty-20499-NAT.htm" target="_blank">polled 1.29%</a> at the last federal election.<br />
<br />
When you adjust the graphs based on the national first preferences, making them out of 100% in total, this is the result.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvQRHCNY-WmezJat2UGjTuXrL7mP0K4HzYbxWU2pLKXQJQ8b3c5FgctJcJ1hkR5l9Hq0KkN8U1YcE0RBBg-pFzHXJiktNBdmCR6D3OPHrXlHEHMevshISTEUI6SoXoMkZA1KMY/s1600/03.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1151" data-original-width="1600" height="459" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvQRHCNY-WmezJat2UGjTuXrL7mP0K4HzYbxWU2pLKXQJQ8b3c5FgctJcJ1hkR5l9Hq0KkN8U1YcE0RBBg-pFzHXJiktNBdmCR6D3OPHrXlHEHMevshISTEUI6SoXoMkZA1KMY/s640/03.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0fWq0jixhaQwpqv_-wd32bBoVDL31HIhex_ckHqB8EMMMrTO8woRwoCuBR5DbvFN0qxOvlhq6qRHBpQXKelaoKwYv56ZnuJsSPwz0eVi-GqtbMAXCirIaSwmVAbdEQBj3McYD/s1600/04.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1158" data-original-width="1600" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0fWq0jixhaQwpqv_-wd32bBoVDL31HIhex_ckHqB8EMMMrTO8woRwoCuBR5DbvFN0qxOvlhq6qRHBpQXKelaoKwYv56ZnuJsSPwz0eVi-GqtbMAXCirIaSwmVAbdEQBj3McYD/s640/04.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
There are certainly lessons to be learned in terms of why different groups responded to the survey in this way, but it should be kept in perspective. This isn’t about ‘conservatives’, given the blue LNP would fall under that category. It’s about a small far right party that already gets quite a bit of media attention, especially when compared to the proportion of the population who throw votes their way. Further, as the article goes on to say:"[t]he root of the frustration can be traced to a wider dissatisfaction with the political landscape...", rather than the education system and teachers themselves. </div>
<div style='clear: both;'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer'>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'>
<span class='post-author vcard'>
Posted by
<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>
<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' rel='author' title='author profile'>
<span itemprop='name'>Theo Clark</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class='post-timestamp'>
at
<meta content='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2019/11/conservative-bias-about-leftist-bias.html' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='timestamp-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2019/11/conservative-bias-about-leftist-bias.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2019-11-23T09:41:00+10:00'>9:41 am</abbr></a>
</span>
<span class='post-comment-link'>
</span>
<span class='post-icons'>
<span class='item-action'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/9617943/168290254748562954' title='Email Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
<span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1579913983'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9617943&postID=168290254748562954&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'>
<a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=168290254748562954&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=168290254748562954&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=168290254748562954&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=168290254748562954&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=168290254748562954&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'>
<span class='post-labels'>
Labels:
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Education' rel='tag'>Education</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/mathematics' rel='tag'>mathematics</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Misuse%20of%20Information' rel='tag'>Misuse of Information</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Politics' rel='tag'>Politics</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'>
<span class='post-location'>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</div></div>

<div class="date-outer">

<h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, September 17, 2018</span></h2>

<div class="date-posts">

<div class='post-outer'>
<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'>
<meta content='9617943' itemprop='blogId'/>
<meta content='8060773915379542206' itemprop='postId'/>
<a name='8060773915379542206'></a>
<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'>
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2018/09/education-cargo-cults.html'>Education 'Cargo Cults' </a>
</h3>
<div class='post-header'>
<div class='post-header-line-1'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-8060773915379542206' itemprop='description articleBody'>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Education guru (not self-proclaimed) John Hattie, along with co-author Arran Hamilton, list a number of fatal cognitive biases in the blog post <a href="http://corwin-connect.com/2018/08/how-to-stop-cognitive-biases-from-undermining-your-impact/" target="_blank">How to stop cognitive biases from undermining your impact</a>, which is well worth a read for any educator (or anyone for that matter). They point out that:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
...a growing database of Cognitive Biases or glitches in our human operating system have been catalogued and confirmed through laboratory experiment and psychometric testing. The research suggests that biases afflict all of us, unless we have been trained to ward against them.</blockquote>
<div>
The post is a small part of the bigger white paper: <a href="https://cognitioneducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Education-Cargo-Cults-must-die-.pdf" target="_blank">Education cargo cults must die (pdf)</a>. It's a somewhat ironic paper, given the criticism levelled at Hattie's <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632434.2017.1327428?journalCode=cslm20" target="_blank">guru status</a> and <a href="http://www.darcymoore.net/2017/08/26/cult-hattie-wilful-blindness/" target="_blank">cult-like</a> following. However, this is something Hattie and Hamilton are well aware of, noting the danger of <a href="http://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/03/appeal-to-authority-other-terms-andor.html" target="_blank">appealing to authority</a>:</div>
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Authority Bias: Tendency to attribute greater weight and accuracy to the opinions of an authority figure—irrespective of whether this is deserved—and to be influenced by it. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
EDUCATION: Don’t be swayed by famous titled gurus. Carefully unpick and test of all their assumptions—especially if they are making claims outside the specific area of expertise. <b>Be particularly suspicious of anyone that writes and publishes a white paper [!!!]</b> (p 20, emphasis added).</blockquote>
</div>
<div>
Some key quotes from the white paper: </div>
<div>
<blockquote>
We make the case that ingrained cognitive biases make us all naturally predisposed to invest in educational products and approaches that conform with our existing worldview and to only grudgingly alter our behavior in the face of significant conflicting evidence. In section two, we argue that educators and policymakers must fight hard to overcome their cognitive biases and to become true evaluators of their own impact (p 9). </blockquote>
<blockquote>
Health warning: May ultimately make you feel as though you can trust what you see again, because you’ll have a framework for identifying evidence and being more skeptical of initiatives and resources that just don’t have sufficient backing (p 10).</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
We advocate an approach to education that is built on reason, rather than intuition alone. This involves systematic collection of data on students’ learning experiences in the classroom and the ways in which teachers and product developers can accelerate this learning. From data, we can inform intuitions and judgements and build theories. And, from theories, we can build structured processes—continually testing and refining these too (p 25).</blockquote>
</div>
<div>
While there are plenty of critics of Hattie's work (and how Hattie's work tends to be used), it's great to see educators engaged in discussion about our profession and continually improving evidence/research base of our practice. Or at the very least, minimising the chances of wasting our time on <a href="http://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2011/12/three-ways-of-examining-brain-claims.html" target="_blank">myths</a> and <a href="http://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2011/11/three-ways-of-examining-brain-or-any_26.html" target="_blank">errant nonsense</a>.</div>
</div>
<div style='clear: both;'></div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer'>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'>
<span class='post-author vcard'>
Posted by
<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>
<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777' rel='author' title='author profile'>
<span itemprop='name'>Theo Clark</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class='post-timestamp'>
at
<meta content='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2018/09/education-cargo-cults.html' itemprop='url'/>
<a class='timestamp-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2018/09/education-cargo-cults.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-17T07:30:00+10:00'>7:30 am</abbr></a>
</span>
<span class='post-comment-link'>
</span>
<span class='post-icons'>
<span class='item-action'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/9617943/8060773915379542206' title='Email Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
<span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1579913983'>
<a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9617943&postID=8060773915379542206&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'>
<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'>
<a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=8060773915379542206&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=8060773915379542206&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=8060773915379542206&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=8060773915379542206&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=9617943&postID=8060773915379542206&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'>
<span class='post-labels'>
Labels:
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Appeal%20to%20Authority' rel='tag'>Appeal to Authority</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Cognitive%20biases' rel='tag'>Cognitive biases</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Critical%20Thinking' rel='tag'>Critical Thinking</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Education' rel='tag'>Education</a>,
<a href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Skepticism' rel='tag'>Skepticism</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'>
<span class='post-location'>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</div></div>

</div>
<div class='blog-pager' id='blog-pager'>
<span id='blog-pager-older-link'>
<a class='blog-pager-older-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search?updated-max=2018-09-17T07:30:00%2B10:00&max-results=5' id='Blog1_blog-pager-older-link' title='Older Posts'>Older Posts</a>
</span>
<a class='home-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/'>Home</a>
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
<div class='blog-feeds'>
<div class='feed-links'>
Subscribe to:
<a class='feed-link' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/feeds/posts/default' target='_blank' type='application/atom+xml'>Posts (Atom)</a>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class='widget HTML' data-version='1' id='HTML3'>
<div class='widget-content'>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_utabaPdzteQD-u8u6_84YTfzNN3VOo5KOQQZcrAWJtOzPL8zY-bY5BCCK971UN-8L_nZ-U__M_EdbfhTbsohJ-COoKQaSUjfGwW337G8dSWdcDwcYnKIrc=s0-d"></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">The Skeptic's Field Guide</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="http://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Theo Clark and Jef Clark</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>.
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='column-left-outer'>
<div class='column-left-inner'>
<aside>
</aside>
</div>
</div>
<div class='column-right-outer'>
<div class='column-right-inner'>
<aside>
<div class='sidebar section' id='sidebar-right-1'><div class='widget Text' data-version='1' id='Text2'>
<div class='widget-content'>
<p align="left">A site for skeptics and critical thinkers. Hundreds of real life examples of fallacies, updated regularly. An <a href="http://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/ebook.html">eBook version of <span style="font-style: italic;">Humbug! The skeptics’ field guide to spotting fallacies in thinking</span></a>. A weekly podcast on each fallacy: <span style="font-style: italic;">Hunting Humbug 101 – a crash course in shooting down bad arguments</span>. We take fallacies seriously, but not ourselves.</p>

<a rel="me" href="https://twit.social/@theojclark">Mastodon</a> and
<a rel="me" href="https://twitter.com/theojclark">Twitter</a>
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div><div class='widget Text' data-version='1' id='Text1'>
<div class='widget-content'>
<b>Humbug! Online</b>: "<a set="yes" href="http://www.austhink.org/critical/pages/blogs.htm" target="_blank">Wicked Stuff</a>" - Tim van Gelder, and "<a set="yes" href="http://www.fallacyfiles.org/archive032006.html#03012006" target="_blank">Irreverent</a>" - Gary Curtis.
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div><div class='widget Feed' data-version='1' id='Feed1'>
<h2>Hunting Humbug! 101 Podcast</h2>
<div class='widget-content' id='Feed1_feedItemListDisplay'>
<span style='filter: alpha(25); opacity: 0.25;'>
<a href='http://feeds.feedburner.com/HuntingHumbug101'>Loading...</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div><div class='widget HTML' data-version='1' id='HTML1'>
<div class='widget-content'>
<script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=tf_mfw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822/US/theskesfiegui-20/8001/d25a216d-50e1-4317-abc6-4d07ae3c408d"> </script> <noscript><a href="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?rt=tf_mfw&ServiceVersion=20070822&MarketPlace=US&ID=V20070822%2FUS%2Ftheskesfiegui-20%2F8001%2Fd25a216d-50e1-4317-abc6-4d07ae3c408d&Operation=NoScript">Amazon.com Widgets</a></noscript>

<a href="http://www.lulu.com/commerce/index.php?fBuyContent=14715224"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vAru4aJ84RSafC4AdPEbxHWgLVACT8FLSmhHkMJc76NNIQuKYIPSC91owlulBTERBe0w95dsT39zY9QMcbD7JU2D2_MYsS_utQ0s2at_jfN7SKIBFUSBhdX3p_eviLXO9uhQdGisKO6zT5matVWPdtw_j6ew=s0-d" border="0" alt="Support independent publishing: Buy this e-book on Lulu."></a>
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div><div class='widget Label' data-version='1' id='Label1'>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class='widget-content list-label-widget-content'>
<ul>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/2nd%20edition'>2nd edition</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(55)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Ambiguity'>Ambiguity</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(4)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Appeal%20to%20Authority'>Appeal to Authority</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(14)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Appeal%20to%20Celebrity'>Appeal to Celebrity</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(12)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Appeal%20to%20Ignorance'>Appeal to Ignorance</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(2)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Argument%20by%20Artifice'>Argument by Artifice</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(10)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Argument%20by%20Slogan'>Argument by Slogan</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Argument%20to%20Consequences'>Argument to Consequences</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Bad%20Faith'>Bad Faith</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(11)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Begging%20the%20Question'>Begging the Question</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(12)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Browbeating'>Browbeating</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(4)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Burden%20of%20Proof'>Burden of Proof</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(7)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Burden%20of%20solution'>Burden of solution</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(12)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Chewbacca%20Defense'>Chewbacca Defense</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(1)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Cultural%20Origins'>Cultural Origins</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Devil%27s%20Advocate'>Devil's Advocate</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(4)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Exaggerated%20Conflict'>Exaggerated Conflict</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(6)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Factoid%20Propagation'>Factoid Propagation</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(13)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Analogy'>False Analogy</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(19)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Attribution'>False Attribution</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(13)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Balance'>False Balance</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(2)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Cause%3B%20Correlation%20Error'>False Cause; Correlation Error</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(15)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Compromise'>False Compromise</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(1)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Dichotomy'>False Dichotomy</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(13)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20Positioning'>False Positioning</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(14)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/False%20dilemma'>False dilemma</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(12)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/GIGO'>GIGO</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(4)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Gibberish'>Gibberish</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(14)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Hume%27s%20Razor'>Hume's Razor</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(3)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Impugning%20Motives'>Impugning Motives</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(15)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Inversion'>Inversion</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(2)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Jef%27s%20Cartoons'>Jef's Cartoons</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(36)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/LAME'>LAME</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(22)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Misuse%20of%20Information'>Misuse of Information</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(16)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Moral%20Equivalence'>Moral Equivalence</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(6)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Moving%20the%20Goalposts'>Moving the Goalposts</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(8)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Naturalistic%20Fallacy'>Naturalistic Fallacy</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(3)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Non-sequitur'>Non-sequitur</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(6)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Observational%20Selection'>Observational Selection</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(12)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Occam%27s%20Razor'>Occam's Razor</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(7)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Perfect%20Solution'>Perfect Solution</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(7)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Personal%20Abuse'>Personal Abuse</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(9)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Podcast'>Podcast</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(46)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Poisoning%20the%20Well'>Poisoning the Well</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(13)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Popular%20Opinion'>Popular Opinion</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(6)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Red%20Flag%20Faux%20Pas'>Red Flag Faux Pas</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(4)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Red%20Herring'>Red Herring</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(7)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Reductio%20Ad%20Absurdum'>Reductio Ad Absurdum</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(2)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Sanctimony'>Sanctimony</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(12)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Self%20Defeating%20Argument'>Self Defeating Argument</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Simple-Minded%20Certitude'>Simple-Minded Certitude</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(14)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Single%20Cause'>Single Cause</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(2)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Slippery%20Slope'>Slippery Slope</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Socratic%20Method'>Socratic Method</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(1)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Special%20Pleading'>Special Pleading</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(13)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Spinning%20another%20hypothesis'>Spinning another hypothesis</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Stacking%20the%20Deck'>Stacking the Deck</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(16)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Straw%20Man'>Straw Man</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(15)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Substitution'>Substitution</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(6)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/The%20Devil%27s%20Advocate'>The Devil's Advocate</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(1)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Unfounded%20Generalisation'>Unfounded Generalisation</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(9)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/WTF%3F%20Fallacy'>WTF? Fallacy</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(14)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Weasel%20Words'>Weasel Words</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(17)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/Wishful%20Thinking'>Wishful Thinking</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(6)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/ad%20hominem'>ad hominem</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(8)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/eBook'>eBook</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(37)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/falsification'>falsification</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(4)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/immunised%20hypothesis'>immunised hypothesis</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(5)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/postdiction'>postdiction</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(3)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/public%20draft'>public draft</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(54)</span>
</li>
<li>
<a dir='ltr' href='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search/label/words%20worth%20espousing'>words worth espousing</a>
<span dir='ltr'>(15)</span>
</li>
</ul>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div>
</div><div class='widget BlogSearch' data-version='1' id='BlogSearch1'>
<h2 class='title'>Site Search</h2>
<div class='widget-content'>
<div id='BlogSearch1_form'>
<form action='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search' class='gsc-search-box' target='_top'>
<table cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='gsc-search-box'>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class='gsc-input'>
<input autocomplete='off' class='gsc-input' name='q' size='10' title='search' type='text' value=''/>
</td>
<td class='gsc-search-button'>
<input class='gsc-search-button' title='search' type='submit' value='Search'/>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div><div class='widget BlogArchive' data-version='1' id='BlogArchive1'>
<h2>Archive</h2>
<div class='widget-content'>
<div id='ArchiveList'>
<div id='BlogArchive1_ArchiveList'>
<select id='BlogArchive1_ArchiveMenu'>
<option value=''>Archive</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2023/01/'>January 2023 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2020/08/'>August 2020 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2019/11/'>November 2019 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2018/09/'>September 2018 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2017/09/'>September 2017 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2016/02/'>February 2016 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2015/12/'>December 2015 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2015/10/'>October 2015 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2015/02/'>February 2015 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2014/08/'>August 2014 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2014/07/'>July 2014 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2014/06/'>June 2014 (6)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2014/05/'>May 2014 (3)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2014/04/'>April 2014 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/12/'>December 2013 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/09/'>September 2013 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/06/'>June 2013 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/03/'>March 2013 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/02/'>February 2013 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2013/01/'>January 2013 (13)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/12/'>December 2012 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/11/'>November 2012 (3)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/10/'>October 2012 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/09/'>September 2012 (4)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/08/'>August 2012 (7)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/07/'>July 2012 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/06/'>June 2012 (7)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/05/'>May 2012 (3)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/04/'>April 2012 (6)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/03/'>March 2012 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/02/'>February 2012 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2012/01/'>January 2012 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2011/12/'>December 2011 (6)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2011/11/'>November 2011 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2011/06/'>June 2011 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2011/05/'>May 2011 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2010/11/'>November 2010 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2010/09/'>September 2010 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2010/06/'>June 2010 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2010/04/'>April 2010 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/12/'>December 2009 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/11/'>November 2009 (5)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/10/'>October 2009 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/09/'>September 2009 (3)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/08/'>August 2009 (7)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/07/'>July 2009 (17)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/06/'>June 2009 (13)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/05/'>May 2009 (7)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/04/'>April 2009 (6)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/03/'>March 2009 (8)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/02/'>February 2009 (14)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2009/01/'>January 2009 (10)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/12/'>December 2008 (11)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/11/'>November 2008 (10)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/10/'>October 2008 (10)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/09/'>September 2008 (9)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/08/'>August 2008 (7)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/07/'>July 2008 (11)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/06/'>June 2008 (11)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/05/'>May 2008 (5)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/04/'>April 2008 (7)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2008/01/'>January 2008 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/10/'>October 2007 (3)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/09/'>September 2007 (5)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/08/'>August 2007 (6)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/07/'>July 2007 (10)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/06/'>June 2007 (14)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/05/'>May 2007 (14)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/04/'>April 2007 (10)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/03/'>March 2007 (12)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/02/'>February 2007 (10)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2007/01/'>January 2007 (12)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/12/'>December 2006 (17)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/11/'>November 2006 (18)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/10/'>October 2006 (31)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/09/'>September 2006 (22)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/08/'>August 2006 (33)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/07/'>July 2006 (29)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/06/'>June 2006 (31)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/05/'>May 2006 (18)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/04/'>April 2006 (22)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/03/'>March 2006 (18)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/02/'>February 2006 (19)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2006/01/'>January 2006 (31)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/12/'>December 2005 (25)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/10/'>October 2005 (1)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/04/'>April 2005 (5)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/03/'>March 2005 (8)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/02/'>February 2005 (2)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2005/01/'>January 2005 (61)</option>
<option value='https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/2004/12/'>December 2004 (1)</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div>
</div></div>
<table border='0' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='section-columns columns-2'>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class='first columns-cell'>
<div class='sidebar no-items section' id='sidebar-right-2-1'></div>
</td>
<td class='columns-cell'>
<div class='sidebar no-items section' id='sidebar-right-2-2'></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class='sidebar no-items section' id='sidebar-right-3'></div>
</aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style='clear: both'></div>

</div>

</div>
</div>
<div class='main-cap-bottom cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div class='footer-outer'>
<div class='footer-cap-top cap-top'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
<div class='fauxborder-left footer-fauxborder-left'>
<div class='fauxborder-right footer-fauxborder-right'></div>
<div class='region-inner footer-inner'>
<div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-1'></div>
<table border='0' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='section-columns columns-2'>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class='first columns-cell'>
<div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-1'></div>
</td>
<td class='columns-cell'>
<div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-2'></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<div class='foot section' id='footer-3' name='Footer'><div class='widget Attribution' data-version='1' id='Attribution1'>
<div class='widget-content' style='text-align: center;'>
Picture Window theme. Powered by <a href='https://www.blogger.com' target='_blank'>Blogger</a>.
</div>
<div class='clear'></div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='footer-cap-bottom cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>

</div>
</div>
<div class='content-cap-bottom cap-bottom'>
<div class='cap-left'></div>
<div class='cap-right'></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type='text/javascript'>
window.setTimeout(function() {
document.body.className = document.body.className.replace('loading', '');
}, 10);
</script>

<script defer='' src='/js/cookienotice.js'></script>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(event) {
window.cookieChoices && cookieChoices.showCookieConsentBar && cookieChoices.showCookieConsentBar(
(window.cookieOptions && cookieOptions.msg) || 'Diese Website verwendet Cookies von Google, um Dienste anzubieten und Zugriffe zu analysieren. Deine IP-Adresse und dein User-Agent werden zusammen mit Messwerten zur Leistung und Sicherheit f\xfcr Google freigegeben. So k\xf6nnen Nutzungsstatistiken generiert, Missbrauchsf\xe4lle erkannt und behoben und die Qualit\xe4t des Dienstes gew\xe4hrleistet werden.',
(window.cookieOptions && cookieOptions.close) || 'Ok',
(window.cookieOptions && cookieOptions.learn) || 'Weitere Informationen',
(window.cookieOptions && cookieOptions.link) || 'https://www.blogger.com/go/blogspot-cookies');
});
</script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/3000588928-widgets.js"></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
window['__wavt'] = 'AOuZoY6bxOP1yecI0KWYc9mvXvGHsrkyHQ:1753546104140';_WidgetManager._Init('//www.blogger.com/rearrange?blogID\x3d9617943','//www.skepticsfieldguide.net/','9617943');
_WidgetManager._SetDataContext([{'name': 'blog', 'data': {'blogId': '9617943', 'title': 'The Skeptic\x27s Field Guide', 'url': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/', 'canonicalUrl': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/', 'homepageUrl': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/', 'searchUrl': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/search', 'canonicalHomepageUrl': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/', 'blogspotFaviconUrl': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/favicon.ico', 'bloggerUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com', 'hasCustomDomain': true, 'httpsEnabled': true, 'enabledCommentProfileImages': true, 'gPlusViewType': 'FILTERED_POSTMOD', 'adultContent': false, 'analyticsAccountNumber': '', 'encoding': 'UTF-8', 'locale': 'en-GB', 'localeUnderscoreDelimited': 'en_gb', 'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'isPrivate': false, 'isMobile': false, 'isMobileRequest': false, 'mobileClass': '', 'isPrivateBlog': false, 'isDynamicViewsAvailable': true, 'feedLinks': '\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22The Skeptic\x26#39;s Field Guide - Atom\x22 href\x3d\x22https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/feeds/posts/default\x22 /\x3e\n\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/rss+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22The Skeptic\x26#39;s Field Guide - RSS\x22 href\x3d\x22https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/feeds/posts/default?alt\x3drss\x22 /\x3e\n\x3clink rel\x3d\x22service.post\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22The Skeptic\x26#39;s Field Guide - Atom\x22 href\x3d\x22https://www.blogger.com/feeds/9617943/posts/default\x22 /\x3e\n', 'meTag': '\x3clink rel\x3d\x22me\x22 href\x3d\x22https://www.blogger.com/profile/07342708791160461777\x22 /\x3e\n', 'adsenseClientId': 'ca-pub-0865795733734100', 'adsenseHostId': 'ca-host-pub-1556223355139109', 'adsenseHasAds': false, 'adsenseAutoAds': false, 'boqCommentIframeForm': true, 'loginRedirectParam': '', 'view': '', 'dynamicViewsCommentsSrc': '//www.blogblog.com/dynamicviews/4224c15c4e7c9321/js/comments.js', 'dynamicViewsScriptSrc': '//www.blogblog.com/dynamicviews/8a67ddfb3e3580e6', 'plusOneApiSrc': 'https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js', 'disableGComments': true, 'interstitialAccepted': false, 'sharing': {'platforms': [{'name': 'Get link', 'key': 'link', 'shareMessage': 'Get link', 'target': ''}, {'name': 'Facebook', 'key': 'facebook', 'shareMessage': 'Share to Facebook', 'target': 'facebook'}, {'name': 'BlogThis!', 'key': 'blogThis', 'shareMessage': 'BlogThis!', 'target': 'blog'}, {'name': 'X', 'key': 'twitter', 'shareMessage': 'Share to X', 'target': 'twitter'}, {'name': 'Pinterest', 'key': 'pinterest', 'shareMessage': 'Share to Pinterest', 'target': 'pinterest'}, {'name': 'Email', 'key': 'email', 'shareMessage': 'Email', 'target': 'email'}], 'disableGooglePlus': true, 'googlePlusShareButtonWidth': 0, 'googlePlusBootstrap': '\x3cscript type\x3d\x22text/javascript\x22\x3ewindow.___gcfg \x3d {\x27lang\x27: \x27en_GB\x27};\x3c/script\x3e'}, 'hasCustomJumpLinkMessage': false, 'jumpLinkMessage': 'Read more', 'pageType': 'index', 'pageName': '', 'pageTitle': 'The Skeptic\x27s Field Guide'}}, {'name': 'features', 'data': {}}, {'name': 'messages', 'data': {'edit': 'Edit', 'linkCopiedToClipboard': 'Link copied to clipboard', 'ok': 'Ok', 'postLink': 'Post link'}}, {'name': 'template', 'data': {'name': 'Picture Window', 'localizedName': 'Picture Window', 'isResponsive': false, 'isAlternateRendering': false, 'isCustom': false, 'variant': 'shade', 'variantId': 'shade'}}, {'name': 'view', 'data': {'classic': {'name': 'classic', 'url': '?view\x3dclassic'}, 'flipcard': {'name': 'flipcard', 'url': '?view\x3dflipcard'}, 'magazine': {'name': 'magazine', 'url': '?view\x3dmagazine'}, 'mosaic': {'name': 'mosaic', 'url': '?view\x3dmosaic'}, 'sidebar': {'name': 'sidebar', 'url': '?view\x3dsidebar'}, 'snapshot': {'name': 'snapshot', 'url': '?view\x3dsnapshot'}, 'timeslide': {'name': 'timeslide', 'url': '?view\x3dtimeslide'}, 'isMobile': false, 'title': 'The Skeptic\x27s Field Guide', 'description': 'A site for skeptics and critical thinkers. Hundreds of real life examples of fallacies, updated regularly. An eBook version of Humbug! The skeptics\u2019 field guide to spotting fallacies in thinking. A weekly podcast on each fallacy: Hunting Humbug 101 \u2013 a crash course in shooting down bad arguments. We take fallacies seriously, but not ourselves.', 'url': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/', 'type': 'feed', 'isSingleItem': false, 'isMultipleItems': true, 'isError': false, 'isPage': false, 'isPost': false, 'isHomepage': true, 'isArchive': false, 'isLabelSearch': false}}]);
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HeaderView', new _WidgetInfo('Header1', 'header', document.getElementById('Header1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_PageListView', new _WidgetInfo('PageList1', 'crosscol-overflow', document.getElementById('PageList1'), {'title': 'Pages', 'links': [{'isCurrentPage': true, 'href': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/', 'title': 'Home'}, {'isCurrentPage': false, 'href': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/ebook.html', 'id': '5670939531572653331', 'title': 'eBook'}, {'isCurrentPage': false, 'href': 'http://huntinghumbug101.blogspot.com.au/', 'title': 'Podcast'}, {'isCurrentPage': false, 'href': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/fallacy-list.html', 'id': '7525450408916651682', 'title': 'Fallacy list'}, {'isCurrentPage': false, 'href': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/humbug-hunting.html', 'id': '3059120488788036884', 'title': 'Humbug hunting'}, {'isCurrentPage': false, 'href': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/jefs-cartoons.html', 'id': '4991793465352769969', 'title': 'Jef\x27s cartoons'}, {'isCurrentPage': false, 'href': 'https://www.skepticsfieldguide.net/p/other-sites.html', 'id': '145557020321584215', 'title': 'Other sites'}], 'mobile': false, 'showPlaceholder': true, 'hasCurrentPage': true}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogView', new _WidgetInfo('Blog1', 'main', document.getElementById('Blog1'), {'cmtInteractionsEnabled': false, 'lightboxEnabled': true, 'lightboxModuleUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/jsbin/1584364424-lbx__en_gb.js', 'lightboxCssUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/v-css/123180807-lightbox_bundle.css'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML3', 'main', document.getElementById('HTML3'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_TextView', new _WidgetInfo('Text2', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('Text2'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_TextView', new _WidgetInfo('Text1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('Text1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_FeedView', new _WidgetInfo('Feed1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('Feed1'), {'title': 'Hunting Humbug! 101 Podcast', 'showItemDate': true, 'showItemAuthor': false, 'feedUrl': 'http://feeds.feedburner.com/HuntingHumbug101', 'numItemsShow': 3, 'loadingMsg': 'Loading...', 'openLinksInNewWindow': true, 'useFeedWidgetServ': 'true'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('HTML1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LabelView', new _WidgetInfo('Label1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('Label1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogSearchView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogSearch1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogSearch1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogArchiveView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogArchive1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogArchive1'), {'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'loadingMessage': 'Loading\x26hellip;'}, 'displayModeFull'));
_WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_AttributionView', new _WidgetInfo('Attribution1', 'footer-3', document.getElementById('Attribution1'), {}, 'displayModeFull'));
</script>
</body>
</html>

skepticsfieldguide.net Ads.txt file

Ads.Txt Alerts - A trading name of Red Volcano Limited Waterloo Buildings, Second Floor Rear, 53 London Road, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom, SO15 2AD Contact ⋅ Sites ⋅ Terms of Use ⋅ Privacy Policy © Red Volcano 2020. All Rights Reserved.

Ads.Txt Alerts - A trading name of Red Volcano Limited

Waterloo Buildings, Second Floor Rear, 53 London Road, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom, SO15 2AD

Contact

⋅

Sites

⋅

Terms of Use

⋅

Privacy Policy

© Red Volcano 2020. All Rights Reserved.